Isaïe or Ésaïe is a Prophète Tanakh and Old Testament, which would have lived under the reign of Hizquya since it is mentioned “the fourteenth year of king Hizqiya” . A delivers Old Testament - which treats deportation of the Jewish people with Babylon then of its return and rebuilding of the Temple of Jerusalem on the orders of Large King Achéménide Cyrus II - is allotted to him to more or less right title.

Under the appearance of a single book of 66 chapters, the Livre of Isaïe is presented in fact in three quite distinct parts which could have formed three separate books:

• Chapters 1-39: Isaïe presents the historical context, with the rise to power of the Assyrie, until the attempt at catch of Jerusalem by Sennachérib;

• Chapters 40-55: Isaïe evokes the rise to power of Cyrus II, the king of Perse, announcing the end of the Exil in Babylon;
• Chapters 56-66: Isaïe considers the situation with Jerusalem little time after the return of exile. This section probably gathers prophecies of several prophets.

Some doubt that chapters 40 to 66 were written by Isaïe itself and estimate that they were it by someone else, later in the history. Despite everything, the New Testament mentions these part as well as the remainder in Évangile according to Matthieu and the Évangile according to Jean.

Biblical figure, Isaïe would have lived with Jerusalem at eighth century BC, roughly between 766 and 701. Its time is marked by the rise into powerful of the Assyrie vis-a-vis the Royaume of Juda which sees however one boom. Isaïe denounces the loosening of moral standards of its fellow-citizens which attracts the anger of God. The king Manassé, wire of Ézéchias, would have made persecute several contemporaries of Isaïe. This last would have hidden in a tree but the king ordered to saw the tree into two. Isaïe thus would have died cut out by a saw.

Messianic prophecies

Isaïe would have achieved three Messianic prophecies. Their readings differ according to the religions. The Christians see there a pre Annonciation birth of the Christ given birth to by a virgin, contrary to Jewish interpretation. The Lord will give you a sign Here that the young woman (sometimes translated by virgin ) is pregnant and gives birth to a son (Es 7,14)

• the birth of the son of God

Because a child was born to us/a son to us was given (Es 9,5)

• the ascent of Joseph with David, wire of Jessé

a branch will leave the stock of Jessé/a kid will spout out of his roots (Es 11,1)

Does Isaïe or Test?

In French, the Protestants have habit to pronounce and write Ésaïe whereas the Juifs, the Catholiques and the Orthodoxes use more readily the form Isaïe (but the English form, including for the Protestants, is Isaiah !). Isaïe is regarded as one of the four Grands prophets because of precision of its predictions on the arrival of the Messie. In Hebrew, the name, ישעיהו, decides " Yéshayahou".

Found manuscript with Qumran

In 1947, among the discovered manuscripts with Qumrân called “ Dead Sea Scroll ”, only the Livre of Isaïe was found in its entirety in the shape of a leather roller. This Handwritten date of second century BC.

Sources

• Gaston Duchet-Suchaux, Michel Pastoureau the Bible and Saints. - Guide iconography , Flammarion, Collection All Art, Paris, 1994, First edition 1990.

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