Irene Némirovsky

Irene Némirovsky , born the February 24th 1903 (or February 11th according to the old calendar replaced in 1918) with Kiev and died the August 17th 1942 with Auschwitz, is a novelist of French language.

Biography

Irene Némirovsky is the girl of a banking rich person Ukrainian Juif , Leonid Borisovitch Némirovsky. She is raised by her controlling French, which makes of French almost his native tongue, her mother being never interested in her. She will speak also the Russian and the English. In 1913, the family obtains the authorization to settle with Saint-Pétersbourg, which will become Petrograd thereafter. In January 1918, the family of Irene Némirovsky flees the revolution and spends one year in Finland. In July 1919, the family arrives in France after a short stay at Stockholm. It settles in a fashionable district of Paris, Rue of the Pump in the XVIe district. One controlling English is in charge of the education of Irene. This last master key the Baccalaureat in 1919. It starts to write in French as of the 18 years age and, in August 1921, it publishes its first text, Nonoche at clairvoyant the , in twice-weekly Fantasio. In 1923, Irene writes to her first news the brilliant Child (republished under the name of a child prodigy in 1992), which will be published in 1927. Irene resumes her studies then and obtains in 1924 her license of letters to the Sorbonne. In 1926, it publishes its first novel, the Misunderstanding .

In 1926, with the town hall of XVIe district, then with the synagog of the street of Montevideo, Irene Némirovsky marries Michel Epstein, an engineer become banker, of which it will have two girls: Denise, in 1929 and Elisabeth, 1937. The elaborate marriage contract will enable him to keep its royalties during the publication of his works. The Epstein family settles with Paris. She writes dialogs for Fantasio and publishes its first novel the misunderstanding .

Irene Némirovsky becomes famous in 1929, as of the publication of its second novel, David Golder . Its editor, Bernard Grasset, projects it at once in the French living rooms and literary circles. It meets there in particular Paul Morand, which will publish at Gallimard four of its news under the title of Talking films . David Golder is adapted in 1930 to the theater and the cinema (David Golder is interpreted by Harry Baur).

In 1930, the Ball tells the difficult passage of a teenager at the adulthood. The adaptation to the cinema by Julien Duvivier will reveal Danielle Darrieux. Success in success, Irene Némirovsky becomes a literary, friendly egery of Tristan Bernard and Henri de Régnier.

In 1933, it forsakes Grasset for Albin Michel and starts to publish news in Gringoire.

Recognized French-speaking writer, completely integrated member of the French company, the French government will however refuse his naturalization to him claimed first once 1935.

Converted with Catholicism the 2 February 1939 with the vault of the Abbey of Sainte-Marie of Paris, it publishes in the weekly magazines of right-hand side Candide , which will stop their collaboration as of the publication of the first Statute of the Jews, in October 1940, while Gringoire , openly become anti-semite, will continue to publish it under pseudonym.

Victims of the laws promulgated anti-semites in October 1940 by the Vichy government, Michel cannot work any more at the bank and Irene is prohibited of publication. Since spring, Epstein are installed with Iso-the Évêque, in the Morvan in Saône-et-Loire, where they had already put their daughters at the shelter as of September 1939. Irene writes several manuscripts then. Released by her friends, Irene carries the yellow star. Its works are not published any more. Only Carbuccia, facing the censure, publishes its news until 1942. The July 13rd 1942, Irene is stopped by the French gendarmerie. Michel Epstein sends a telegram to Robert Esménard and André Sabatier at Albin Michel to ask of the assistance:

Irene left today suddenly. Destination Pithiviers (Loiret). Hope that you will be able to intervene urgency Essaie stop vainly to telephone - Michel Epstein

It is initially sent to Toulon-on-Arroux, where it remains imprisoned two nights. July 15th, it is transported to the camp of internment of Pithiviers. Irene is authorized to write; she sends a postcard to her husband, in whom she does not complain about the difficult conditions. She is off-set with Auschwitz the following day, where she dies of the Typhus the August 19th 1942. Her husband (just like Andre Sabatier and Robert Esménard) takes many steps to make it release, but it itself is stopped in October 1942, deportee with Auschwitz and gauze as of its arrival, on November 6th, 1942.

His/her two daughters save some documents, then are placed under the supervision of Albin Michel and Robert Esmenard (who directed the publisher) until their majority.

The redécouverte of a writer

After the arrest of their parents, Elisabeth and Denise Epstein hide during the war, with the assistance of family friends, carrying with them the new manuscripts of their mother, of which the French Suite . They are the two first volumes of an unfinished novel, which was to count five of them, having for framework the exodus of June 1940, and the German occupation in France. It is published into 2004 with the Denoël Editions; the original was entrusted to the Institut reports of the contemporary edition (IMEC). This novel receives the Prix Renaudot on a purely posthumous basis, exception to the rule which is to reward only for the alive writers.

The two girls maintained the memory their mother, with several republications. In 1992, his/her daughter Elisabeth Gille, who directed to Denoël the collection Présence of the Future, publishes a biography, the Watchtower .

Works

Works published of alive sound

the Misunderstanding (1923)
the brilliant Child , Beech, 1927. The novel was famous a Child prodigy in 1992 by the editor with the agreement of his daughters
David Golder , Grasset, 1929
the Ball , Grasset, 1930
the Flies of autumn , Grasset, 1931
the Business Courilof , Grasset, 1933
the Pawn on the échiquer , Albin Michel, 1934
Talking films , NRF, 1934
the Wine of loneliness , Albin Michel, 1935
Jézabel , Albin Michel, 1936
the Prey , Albin Michel, 1938
Two , Albin Michel, 1939
Dogs and the wolves , Albin Michel, 1940

Works published after its death

Life of Tchekhov , Albin Michel, 1946
Wordly goods , Albin Michel, 1947
Fires of the autumn , Albin Michel, 1957
Sunday (news) , Stock, 2000
Sunday and other Intended news 2000
and other news 2004
French Continuation 2004, Price Renaudot 2004
the Master of the hearts , Denoël, 2005
Heat blood , Denoël, 2007.

In Ingenuous

the Woman of Don Juan (1938)
Mr Pink (1940)

In “the Review of the two Worlds”

Day of summer 1935
the Confidence 1938
Blood ties 1936
Aïno 1940

In Gringoire

Nativity 1933
happy Shores 1934
the Beginning and the end 1935
Fraternity 1937
Epilog 1937
Hopes 1938
the Night in the coaches 1939
the Spectator 1939
the Magic spell 1940
the Port of the Levant (Romance May 18th, 1940)
the Departure for the festival 1940
Intended 1940 (published under the pseudonym Pierre Neyret)
the Confidante 1941 (idem)
the Honest man 1941 (idem)
the Ghost 1941 (idem)
the Unknown 1941 (anonymous young woman)
Ogresse 1941 (Charles Blancat)
the Fire February 27th, 1942 (P. Nérey)

New works

Novels

Ports of the Levant , novel published in Gringoire , as from 1940
Heat of blood , Romance

News

the Robber
the Large alley
the Friend and the woman
a Good match

Adapted films

David Golder , of Julien Duvivier, 1930
the Ball , of Wilhelm Thiele, 1931

Adapted play

David Golder , adaptation of Fernand Nozière, Theater of the Door Saint Martin's day in Paris, December 1930

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