Iranian World

Le Monde Iranian (in Persan: ایرانبزرگ pron: Iran-E Bozorg , also ایرانزمین pron: Iran-zamîn ) is a term being used to indicate the area where the Iranian Langues were or are spoken, as well as the areas which belonged to Persia and/or the Perse empire. The Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term Iranian cultural Continent , and other names commes the Grande Persia or the Persian cultural continent were also employed, particularly in Afghanistan and with the Tadjikistan.

Traditionally, up to one recent period, the ethnicity forever a decisive criterion of separation in these areas. Richard Nelson Frye known as:

"I often stressed that the current people of Asia exchange, that they speak an Iranian or Turkish language, have a common culture, religion and statutory values, only the language the sépare."

It is only at the time modern that the Western colonial interventions and the ethnicity became a factor of separation among the provinces of the Iranian world. But the " world iranien" was more one cultural super-state rather than a political state.

In a clear way, the " World iranien" forever have fixed borders, nor even of precise definition. Whereas certain sources define the Iranian world as including the current republics of the Iran, of the Afghanistan, Azerbaïdjan and the republics of Central Asia, other sources such as Richard Nelson Frye give a definition much broader and define it as having gathered " majority of the the Caucasus, the Afghanistan and the Central Asia, with cultural influences extending in China, India and to the country speaking a language sémite." According to Frye, " Iran means all the territories and the people where the Iranian languages are or were spoken, and where, in the past, of the Iranian cultures with multiple facets existaient." (p. xi , Greater Iran) . In work Nuzhat Al-Qolub (نزههالقلوب), the medieval geographer Hamdollah Mostowfi written:

چندشهراستاندرایرانمرتفعترازهمه
How much towns of Iran are better than all others,
بهتروسازندهترازخوشیآبوهوا
with their climate pleasant and full with promises,
گنجهپرگنجدرارانصفاهاندرعراق
the rich person Gandja of Arran, and also Esfahan,
درخراسانمرووطوسدررومباشداقسرا
Merv and Keep silent from the Khorasan, and Konya (Aqsara).

A detailed list of these provinces follows in the articles.

Origin

In Persan, the Iranian world is called Iranzamin (ایرانزمین), which means " Ground of Iran". Iranzamin was in the mythical times opposed to the Turanzamin , the " ground of Turan" , which was located in the northern part of the Central Asia. (see Dictionary Dehkhoda at the entry " Turan" )

During the pre-Islamic period, the Iranians distinguished two principal areas from the territory on which they reigned; one was named Iran and the other Aniran . By Iran, they then understood all the areas inhabited by old Iranian people. This area was much vaster than than it is ajourd' today. The concept of Iran as a territory (opposite with Aniran ) can be seen like the origin of this old concept of Iranian world. Later, of many changes intervened in the borders and the territories where Iranian lived, but the languages and the culture remained means of communication in many parts of the world Iranian.

In order to illustrate for an example, the language Persan E was the principal literary language and the language of the correspondence in Central Asia and in the the Caucasus before the occupation of Russian, the Central Asia being the cradle of Persan modern. Moreover, according to the British government , the Persan was also used with the Iraqi Kurdistan before the mandate of Great Britain between 1918 and 1932.

With the Russian Empire advancing regularly towards the south has course of two wars against Persia, the treaties of Turkmanchai and the Golestan in connection with the Western borders, the unexpected death of Abbas Mirza in 1823, the murder of large the Vizier of Perse (Mirza AbolQasem Qa' im Maqām), much of khanats of Central Asia started to lose hope in a support of Perse against the armies Tsar ists. (Homayoun, p.78) . The Russian armies occupied the coasts of the Mer of Aral in 1849, Tashkent in 1864, Bukhara in 1867, Samarkand in 1868, Khiva and the Amou-Daria in 1873.

Treaties

Treated of Golestan of 1813: Iran loses control on many territories of the the Caucasus.
Treated of Torkamanchai of 1828: Signed by Fath Ali Shah. The imperial Russia gains sovereignty on the Caucasus.
Declaration of Paris of 1856: Signed by Nasseredin Shah. Iran loses Herat and of the parts of the Afghanistan in exchange of the evacuation of the ports of the south of Iran by Great Britain.
Treated of Akhal of 1881: Signed by Nasseredin Shah. Iran loses Merv and of the parts of the Khwarezm in exchange of security guarantees on behalf of imperial Russia.
1893 : Iran again loses areas close to the river Atrak which had been given to him in the treaty of Akhal. This treaty was signed by the Boutsoff General and Mirza Ali Asghar Amin Al-Sultan on May 27th, 1893.
1970 : Iran gives up its sovereignty on Bahrain with the the United Kingdom in exchange of the islands located in the Persian Gulf.

Provinces of the Iranian world

Central Asia

" Khwarezm is one of the areas of Iran-zamin, and is the place of origin of former Iranian, Airyanem Vaejah , according to the ancient book of the Avesta. "

Tadjikistan

The national anthem of the Tadjikistan, " Surudi milli ", attests Perso-tadjike identity, which knew a rebirth after the detachment of with the the USSR. The language Tadjik E is practically identical to that which is spoken in Afghanistan and Iran, and the tadjikes cities bear Persan names, e.g Doushanbe, Isfara (Esfarayen), and Kolyab.

Certain experts even affirm that the Tadjiks are culturally closer to the original Persian roots, since Iranian located more at the west mixed with Arabic with the passing of years.

Afghanistan

The Afghans draw a great pride to be downward close relations of the Aryen S or, to be more precise: Ariana - the Greek pronunciation of Airyanem Vaejah in Avestique or of " Aryavarta" in Sanskrit, meaning Ground of the Aryan ones. Today this expression in Old man-Persan or avestic is preserved in the name of the Afghan national airline company, Ariana Airlines . The term “Ariana Afghanistan” is always popular among many people in the country.

Afghanistan belonged to the Khorasan, and was thus known under the name of Khorasan (with the areas located around Merv and Nishapur), which in Pahlavi means " the ground orientale" (خاورزمین into Persan)

Afghanistan is where Balkh is located, birthplace of Rûmi, Khajeh Abdollah Ansari and many other figures of the Littérature Persian. The language Dari spoken in Afghanistan is a dialect very close to the Persan. She is largely spoken in Afghanistan.

With final, Nasseredin Shah lost the control of Herat to the profit of the British in 1857.

ززابلبهکابلرسیدآنزمان
It arrived since Zabol at Kabul in these times,
گرازانوخندانودلشادمان
goguenard, merry and hilare
--- Ferdowsi in the Shâh Nâmâ

Turkménistan

Place of origin of the empire Parthian (Nysa). Merv is also the place where the Persan caliph with half Al-Mamun transferred his capital, in order to move the center of the caliphate towards a place further away from the grounds where the Arab language was spoken. The town of Eshgh Abad is a Persan word meaning " City of the amour" , and, like the Iran, the Afghanistan and the Ouzbékistan, formed formerly part of the Airyanem Vaejah.

Ouzbékistan

The famous towns of Afrasiab, Bukhara, Samarkand are located here. Many experts indicate these cities like the birthplace of the modern Persan. The Samanides, which claimed heritage of the Sassanides built their capital here.

ایبخاراشادباشودیرزی
Oh Bukhara! Joy and long life with you!
شاهزیتومیهمانآیدهمی
Your king comes towards toi.
--- Roudaki

Western China

The areas of the Xinjiang in China accommodated a Persian population and their culture.

Kurdish areas

The Kurd regions in Iraq and Turkey are mélées with the culture and the history of that of the Iranian rest of the world. The Kurdish and the At the time of Iran are distributed in many provinces and would be descendants of the Aryan tribes of antiquity. Ardachîr Ier of Persia was of Kurdish mother, originating in the Shabankareh tribe of the province of the Fars.

The North-West of the Pakistan

Many vestiges of the Iranian Architecture always exist in this area (e.g Mosquée Wazir Khan) and more than one million speakers of Persan Eastern still live in this area

The academic Muhammad Iqbal, originating in Lahore is regarded as a heavy truck of the Littérature Persian.

However, these areas are regarded as grounds persanophones more than of the areas directly associated with the Iranian world.

Areas of the the Caucasus

Vestiges Sassanides can be seen loins in north, until " Darband ", maintaining in Russia south. (the words Daghestan and Darband are both of Persian origin). These areas were annexed by imperial Russia during the 18th century and 19th century. Still today, these areas keep to them Iranian identity , as one can see it in their traditions and habits. (e.g Norouz).

Azerbaïdjan

Separated from Iran in the middle of the 19th century, under the terms of the Treated of Golestan and of the Treated of Turkmanchai. The town of Bakou (Bād-kubeh) is another city in the name of Persian origin. The word Azerbaïdjan itself derive from the Old man-Persan " Azar-Padegan" (Atropatan).

In spite of the annexation of this area by imperial Russia, most of the Azerbaïdjan remains Iranian territory today.

گزیدههرچهدرایرانبزرگان

زآذربایگانوریوگرگان

All noble and large ones of Iran

come from Azerbaïdjan, Rey and Gorgan.

-- Screw O Ramin

Arménie

The Arménie was a province of the Iranian world since the time of the empire Achéménide. Iran always has a significant Armenian minority.

Nakhitchevan

Early in antiquity, Narseh of Persia made build fortifications in this area. Much later, of the intellectual figures and arts persons of the period Qajar E was originating in this area. Nakhitchevan has also separated him from Iran in the middle of the 19th century under the terms of the Traité of Golestan and from the Traité of Turkmanchai.

کهتاجایگهیافتینخچوان
Oh Nakhchivan, you gained the respect,
بدینشاهشدبختپیرتجوان
That your chance continues with this roi.
--- Nizami

Georgia and Ossétie

The Georgia, or " Gorjestan" was a Perse province at the time Sassanide (more particularly since Hormizd IV). At the time Safavide, the links of Georgia became so close with Iran that the géorgiens replaced almost the Qizilbash in the courses safavides. The Persan was even the official adminstrative language of Georgia at the time of Shah Tahmasp and Allah-made green Khan, of which the famous bridge called " If-O-pol" with Esfahan belonged to the elite géorgienne in the government safavide. Georgia was a Persian province of 1629 with 1762 when the Russian influence started to be felt.

What has just been described is particularly true for the " Georgia orientale". Eastern Georgia was historically related to the south which supported it, whereas Western Georgia sought its support in north. The town of " Teflis" (today Tbilissi) was persanisée during one moment. The Qajar Abbas Mirza spent some time in this city.

With final, Persia was unable to face in Russia in Georgia, and gave up officially its sights on Georgia under the terms of the Traité of Golestan and the Traité of Turkmanchai. Today, Georgia is Europeanized more and more.

modern Iraq

Iraq was formerly the Western part of the Iranian world. At certain periods, that included even what is now is of Iraq, since it is where the capital Sassanide was located (Ctésiphon). There exist always cities in contemporary Iraq from which the Persian name is always of use (e.g Anbâr). Even after Iraq was arabisé, the Persian presence was always notable and even dominant at certain periods, since many Shiite saints are buried with Najaf and Karbala. With final, the Safavides lost the control of these areas to the profit of the Ottoman Empire.

References

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