Iouri Loujkov

Iouri Mikhailovich Loujkov (Ю́рийМиха́йловичЛужко́в), born the 21 September 1936 with Moscow, (Russia, ex- Soviet Union), is a Russian political personality. He is the mayor of Moscow since 1992.

Family

His/her father, Mikhail Andreyevich Loujkov, were a carpenter originating in a small village of the Oblast de Tver which migrated to Moscow in the years 1930. His/her mother, Anna Petrovna, were originating in Bachkirie.

Professional path

Of 1953 with 1958, Loujkov followed studies to the Institute of petrochemical industry and gas of the Université Gubkin to Moscow. Of 1958 with 1964, it worked as researcher in the Scientific Research institute on the Plastic in Moscow. It joined the Communist party Soviet Union (PCUS) in 1968. The 20 following years, he worked in projects of automation of various sectors of chemical industry (1964 - 1971: head of department of the sector automation, Committee of State de Chimie; 1971-1974: head of department of the management systems automated, Ministry for the Chemical industry of the Soviet Union; 1974 - 1980: managing director, Office of the Experimental design of Automation, ministry for the Chemical industry of the Soviet Union; 1980 - 1986: managing director, industrial scientific Association Petrochemautomation ).

Political career

At the beginning of its political career, in 1977, he was member of the municipal council of the town of Moscow ( Mossovet ). In 1987, it integrated the executive body of the government of the town of Moscow ( Mosgorispolkom ). It occupied various stations, generally functions of assistant of the mayor.

In 1991, during the first free elections and opened, Gavril Popov was elected mayor of Moscow. According to the official versions, Popov was not an experienced politician but rather a professor of university whose popularity was acquired thanks to its speeches pro-democrats and its various writings. Popov resigned in June 1992.

Loujkov, which occupied the position of president of the government of the town of Moscow (i.e. the executive body of the Council of the city), was named mayor by Boris Ieltsine on June 6th 1992. Loujkov enjoyed a more important support on behalf of the Muscovite population than Popov. Its municipal policy consisted in giving to the elderly free transport and strongly encouraging the local entreprenariat. It gained three other successive mandates. Thus, he was elected mayor on June 16th 1996 (carrying 95% of the votes), on December 19th 1999 (with 69.9% of the votes) and on December 7th 2003 (with 75% of the votes).

In 1998, at the time of the political problems of Boris Ieltsine, Loujkov formed a minority political party, the Otechestvo (the Fatherland), in order to take part in the presidential election. Otechestvo profited from the support of many powerful regional political personalities. Thereafter it could profit from a support even more important while amalgamating with the party Vsya Rossiya (All Russia). These two parties formed the Otechestvo-Vsya Rossiya . Many Russian political economists thought that Loujkov and its new ally and former Prime Minister Ievgueni Primakov, would replace Ieltsine and its majority party at the time of the parliamentary elections and presidential which took place respectively fine 1999 and medium 2000.

But the chance of Loujkov turned at the time when Boris Ieltsine named Vladimir Poutine, Prime Minister ( predsedatel ) in August 1999. When it was named, Vladimir Poutine was then unknown. The Russian political experts explain that Putin quickly could profit from the popular support thanks to its image of firmness and its concern of the law and order supported and supported by the media of State, the allies of the public power and those which had economic interests. At the time of the difficult autumn campaign 1999 to gain the Duma, the political ambitions of Loujkov were destroyed when the Otechestvo-Vsya Rossiya gave the nomination to Putin for the presidential election 2000 which it carried easily. After this cooking failure, Loujkov became less active in the federal political life.

Loujkov is also known for its standpoint against the band Punk Ska Leningrad of which it cancelled several times their concerts.

In the same way, it prohibited a Gay Pride in its city because it considers that “the Homosexualité is against-nature”. The Nouvel Observateur brings back these remarks in its edition from March 2nd to 8th 2006.

Private life

Loujkov married with his first wife, Marina Bashilova, in 1958 of which it had two wire, Mikhail and Alexander. Bashilova died of a Cancer of the liver in 1989. It was remarié with Yelena Baturina in 1991. They had two girls, Alyona, born in 1992 and Olga, born in 1994. Loujkov often appears as a public at the time of various festivals and of celebrations and he is a burning promoter of his city. Its hobbies is the Tennis and the Apiculture. Its interest for the physical exercise is considered, also a statue of the mayor in behavior of tennis was set up recently in its honor in a park of Moscow.

Discusses in connection with the recordings of the town of Moscow

In the Soviet ex-Union each citizen was to obtain an authorization to settle in certain agglomerations, like Moscow, the government wanting to limit the surge towards the big cities. After the fall of Communism, the Constitution of the Federation of Russia granted freedom to circulate with the Russian citizens. Loujkov restricts this right by founding a policy of recording of the townsmen, an illegal and anticonstitutional measurement which was opposed to article 27 informant: “Whoever is legally on the territory of the Federation of Russia is entitled to freedom of circulation, with the choice of the place of stay and residence”.

To be justified, it advanced that the development of the infrastructures of the town of Moscow could not follow the rate/rhythm of a which gallops population growth. During this period of the recordings, the not listed residents could not find an employment legally and were regularly badgered by the police force. The police force of Moscow could stop any individual without any reason and require of the person whom it introduces her indentity card. After a long fight between lawyers of Loujkov and the State, the Supreme court and the Constitutional Court of justice required that some of the hardest restrictions be withdrawn and that the procedure of recording is simplified. Maintaining a person can spend 90 days to Moscow without it being necessary for him to be made record.

Accusations of corruption

Loujkov was shown by government officials to have illegally privatisé part of the inheritance of the town of Moscow for the rich person people account, in particular the billionaires Vladimir Gusinsky and Vladimir Yevtushenkov. The Russian and foreign press declared that the supply and building firm of the woman of Loujkov had illegally obtained a great number of government contracts very lucrative and launched by the town of Moscow. Its company accumulated a capital of more than 1,4 billion dollars.

Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, former president of the ex- Soviet Union, denounced in the press, the possible criminal corruption of Ieltsine, Loujkov and other civils servant.

The corruption of Loujkov forever proven and it is presented even in the form of a combatant of corruption. With the Congress of the party " Russia unie" who was held with Moscow in November 2005 it declared: “corruption is a disadvantage and our task is to fight against that. It is necessary to change our way of fighting corruption; that does not relate to only the corruption attached to the great quantities of money, but also small corruption” .

External bonds

Official site of Loujkov
Site of the opponents with Loujkov

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