Ionic order

the Ionic order (also called ionic column ) is characterized in particular by its capital with volutes, by its Fût decorated of 24 Cannelure S and by its profiled base.

Sometimes, a group of Cariatides replaces ionic column, the folds of clothing evoking the grooves of these columns. Most famous of these achievements is without question the Érechthéion of the Acropole of Athens.

Description

This order, which has as a general character the grace and elegance, appears to be employed originally for the funerary buildings. One is unaware of the date (although this one must undoubtedly be located at the neighborhoods of 560 av. J. - C.) and the place of his invention. It was not very used in the continental Greece, but one finds of it many example in Asia Mineure. The ionic column S have approximately eight diameters and half height. They rest on a high basis of a half diameter and which can present two different types: the base ionic, itself, made up of a plinth, two Scotie S lain between several astragales, and of a Torus; the base attic, made up of a plinth, a large lower torus, a scotie between two nets, and of a higher torus. The barrel of the columns usually presents twenty-four grooves, separated by a Listel. The ionic capital is characterized by the volutes representing a rolled up band. These rollings up whose center is called axis or eye of the volute, are separated by a channel, which narrows with its average part, with the top from the barrel. The channel, to which the Architecte S Romans gave a straight line and stiff, present in the Greek monuments a sinuous line. The side and higher parts of the capital bear the name of Balustre , and are usually smooth or only decorated with foliages and pearls. The gorgerin of the capital is raised elegant palmettes surmounted by a spine, presenting a series of Ove S separated by spearheads and of an interlacing. Lastly, with the top of the volutes, the abacus supports the Entablement. The capital ionic present, of the remainder, a large variety. The handles or ionic Pilastre S seldom carry volutes; they have as a capital the prolongation of the cornice which reigns under the Architrave. Their base presents the same mouldings as the wall. The ionic, high architrave three quarters in diameter, is usually divided into three bands. The plank, a little less low than the architrave, is decorated carved mouldings or figures. The cornice is characterized by a line of dentils, squares or rectangular, laid out under the Larmier, and surmounted by a series of pearls and oves. With the top of the drip a Doucine reigns, often decorated boors of Lion S or bulls being used as gutters. The projection and the height of the cornice are equal to the diameter of the column.

Elements of the Ionic order

Caption drawing:

Ionic Romain

The two more beautiful types of this order, seldom employed by the Roman , are the temple of virile fortune and the upper floor of the Théâtre of Marcellus. The columns generally have nine or ten diameters, and their barrel sometimes smooth, is sometimes grooved. One notices three varieties in the capitals. In certain cases, the volutes embrace the barrel of the column, and are joined together laterally by a baluster. Elsewhere, the astragale of the gorgerin is very brought closer to the ove. Lastly, there are volutes which are placed diagonally at the angles. These volutes are double with each angle, and it baluster is removed. The architrave with three faces, whose one, in some cases, is decorated of a chain. The plank is often carved. The Cornice S, by variable form, are accompanied by dentils, sometimes by oves and Modillon S; finally, the drip can have, as Vitruve indicates it, its particular ogee moulding.

In general, the Roman Ionic orders are thus heavier and less gracious.

Some examples of the Ionic order

Ionic Greek

Ionic Roman

Ionic modern

See too

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