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The Grisons (in German , in Romanche , Italian ) are a Swiss Canton.

History

Occupied originally by the Rhètes, the canton is annexed in 15 av. J.C by the Romans. After the introduction of Christianity, Coire was the first évêché founded in north of the the Alps. The area is attached into 536 to the kingdom of the Francs then later to the Saint Germanic Roman Empire. The Walser, German-speaking people originating in the Were worth, immigrate of the west at the 13th century and are installed on the Grison plates of mountain pasture. In parallel, other Germanic populations are established slowly in north, in the area of Coire. From where still today the presence in the canton of two distinct Germanic dialectal groups: walser in the higher valleys, and high Germanic in the valley of the the Rhine, around Coire. These Germanic dialects côtoient the speeches Romanche S and Italian S, of Romance origin .

At the end of the Moyen-âge are formed several leagues ( Bünde ) in order to fight the external influences: the Gotteshausbund in 1367 in south-east and the center, the Graue Bund in 1395 in the West and the Zehngerichtebund in North in 1436. The Gray League ( Graue Bund ) gave its name to the current canton. An alliance, the Three leagues, constitutes towards 1497. Its sovereign members are the jurisdictional communes (they are today the communes and the districts which replaces them). In 1512, the Three leagues seize several Italian areas: the Valteline and valleys of Chiavenna and Bormio. They will remain under the authority of the leagues until the beginning of the 19th century. In 1518, the Three leagues regulate their relations with Habsbourg in a contract, signed by the Emperor Maximilien. There will remain valid until in 1798.

At the time of the Reform, more half of the communes (of which the town of Coire) adhere to the movement reformist. The translated bible is the first book in Romanche. During the War Thirty Year old, the people divide on the catch of party for Austria or France, thus threatening the unit of the country. Pasteur and military commander Jürg Jenatsch is regarded as the peacemaker of the Three leagues.

They are then integrated in 1798 into the Swiss République and recognized like Swiss Canton into whole share in 1803. The cantonal Constitution transferring sovereignty from the jurisdictional communes to the people goes back to 1854. A constitution of 1892 replaced the majority poll by the poll proportional near the federal Senate but it was repealed by a recent constitution of 2003.

Geography

The canton of the Grisons is located in the Alps at the east, that is to say in the south of the cantons of St-Gall, Glaris and Uri, in the south also of the Liechtenstein and the Austria, with the east of the canton of Tessin and the north of the Italy. The canton of the Grisons is widest of the Swiss cantons (7  105 km ²), but it is also that of which the demographic density is lowest. Indeed, the canton accounts for 17,2% of the surface of the country, but contains only 2,5% (that is to say approximately 187.000 inhabitants) of the total population.

The population of this country of high mountains speaks about the dialects resulting from a mixture from Latin and German.

Gastronomy

The local speciality is the Viande of the Grisons.

Districts

The canton of the Grisons is divided into 11 districts:

Communes

List Communes canton of the Grisons

Others

It is in the canton of the Grisons and only that the Romanche is spoken to him, fourth national language of the Suisse. One speaks there also the German and the Italian (in the southernmost valleys); thus, it is the only trilingual Swiss canton.

External bonds

  • Official site

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