International worker

The Internationale worker was founded, on the initiative in particular Friedrich Engels, by the parties Socialiste S of Europe at the time of the Congrès of Paris in July 1889; it is also known under the name of Second International .

Some anarchistic were present at this congress, claiming the grouping of the workers in fight primarily on the economic ground, and rejecting political division, but they were excluded from it for the clear reasons of tactical divergence.

Basing itself, like the First International, on the report of the Class struggle, the Second International one militates until the beginning of the XXe century on the basis of Marxisme. But certain currents develop with the right-hand side of International, preaching the abandonment of the principle according to which “ the emancipation of the workers must be the work of the workers themselves ” (revolutionary principle which was that of the First International one) and recommending to privilege parliamentarism (reformism). In 1904, the congress however gives reason to the revolutionist Jules Guesde against the reformist Jean Jaurès, opposite choice of that of the elections which give 31 deputies to Jaurès and 12 in Guesde.

After the release of the First World War, the socialist leaders (except for the Russians and of Serb), voted the military appropriations required by the middle-class governments. The militants faithful to the Internationalisme and the Pacifisme denounce this disavowal of the majority, and militate against the war - what is worth to them often to be excluded from the Second International one (it is the case for example of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in Germany). These hostile militants with the war are then called Communistes, in opposition to their socialist ex-comrades. During the conflict, two conferences, that of Zimmerwald and especially that of Kienthal, brought together the militants of the left of International (often communist), sometimes excluded, to be opposed to the war and the " socialistes" supporting.

Following the Russian Revolution, many Socialists leave the Second International one to rejoin the Third International founded by the Russian Communists in 1919, and comprising already various communist organizations (in particular the German Spartakiste S excluded during the war from SPD).

Others will form Union of the socialist parties for the international action, known under the name of Union of Vienna or Internationale Two and half .

In 1923, the last parties member of the International worker will gather with those of the Union of Vienna to form the Internationale socialist worker .

See too

Simple: Second International

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