International federation of football association

See also: FIFA (homonymy)

The International federation of Football Association (or FIFA ) is a founded association of national federations in 1904 having for vocation to manage and develop the Football in the world. Its seat is located since 1932 at Zurich, in Suisse, and its current president is Sepp Blatter. The FIFA is an association with nonlucrative goal.

History

The FIFA is founded the May 21st 1904 with Paris with the 229 Rue Saint-Honore. under the impulse of French USFSA and in its buildings. The founding members are: the Netherlands, the Belgium, the Sweden, the Denmark, the Swiss , the Spain and the France. One year later, the Germany, the Italy, the Austria and the Hungary join the FIFA. The British initially refuse to be members but join finally the FIFA a few months later. Then engage an arm wrestling between the French USFSA and F English. First is founder of the FIFA and violently hostile to professionalism. Second its green light to the pros as of 1885 gave… the debate is not done on this question, but on the interpretation of the texts founders of the FIFA accepting only one federation, and only one, by nation. It was the strategy wanted by the USFSA in order to kill the French concurrent leagues. Not being recognized by the FIFA, these federations are in particular prohibited of matches international. Thus, the USFSA required of F to present only one federation to the candidature for the FIFA to represent all United Kingdom, and not the four federations (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) which required their adhesion of the FIFA together. A vote of the founding members solved the question, and France was put in minority. Upset, the French then claquent the door and the USFSA leaves the FIFA. We are in 1905. France does not remain a long time out of the bosom of the FIFA and it is the CFI, main competitor of the USFSA which joined the International federation. The USFSA is found then in the position of the sprinkled sprinkler, because its position out of the FIFA marginalizes it.

The World cup, trophy major of the FIFA, is the child of Jules Rimet, then president of the international federation. Enchanted by the spectacle given by the team of Uruguay to the Olympic Games of 1924 and 1928, Rimet launches the machine World cup in 1930. The Uruguay which celebrates then its centenary in 1930 is an ideal candidate for the organization of the first go world. The trophy of the World cup is baptized name of Jules Rimet. The Rimet Cut definitively takes the road of the Brésil after its third success in the test in 1970, as the payment envisaged it. A new trophy was thus forged for the edition 1974. The term of “FIFA World Cup” is more recent. Until 1990, the World cup was entitled Weltmeisterschaft in Germany (1974), Mundial in Argentine (1978), Spain (1982) and Mexico (1986) then Mondiale in Italy in 1990. The hook by the the United States is fatal with this sympathetic nerve linguistic tradition, and the Cut from now on is baptized “FIFA World Cup”, copyright obliges… French being official language of the FIFA to the same row as English, the terminology “World cup FIFA” is also accepted.

Created in Paris, the FIFA moves in Zurich in 1932 because of the statute of Switzerland and the serious money worries of the Federation since the stock exchange crash of October 1929. With the big raise of the sources of revenue (rights TV, publicities and licensed product mainly), the financial position is excellent today. Thus, FIFA announced in April 2004 that it envisaged a benefit of 144 million dollars on 1,64 billion dollars of incomes over the period 2003 - 2006 (four years cycle including the World cup 2006).

Organization

The FIFA gathers 208 federations (national or not: case of the United Kingdom, for example). A certain undulation was notable during the twenty last years on the level of adhesions of novel members. The Faroe Danish or some DOM-TOM French accepted the authorization of their federation of origin (Danish, French) to adhere. Conscious of the dangers of such a policy (Catalonia, Basque Country…), the FIFA decided to put an end to these practices. It will not accept from now on any more novel members without clear political independence as a preliminary. This decision is obviously not retroactive and the Féroé, Tahiti or the New Caledonia will preserve their current statute.

In order to manage football at the continental level as well as possible, of the confederations were born. One could accept a hierarchy, but it is not the case. The confederations have row on the FIFA when they are internal problems in the continent. Thus, the FIFA which however organizes the World cup, is not décisionnaire to fix the calendars of the preliminaries nor their formula. The South American confederation is particularly sensitive to these problems, but the UEFA was also already illustrated in the past on this ground. In the same way, it does not have any influence on the organization of each national federation. One will evoke here the eternal problem of the calendars which the FIFA still did not manage to regulate, fault of being able to force the hand with the federations and other confederations, only sovereign in this field.

  • AFC for Asia

  • UEFA for Europe
  • CIF for Africa
  • CONMEBOL for South America
  • OFC for Oceania
  • CONCACAF for North America, the Central America and the Caribbean

On the other hand, the situation is very different in connection with the rules of the game. Here, not of discussions, and the whole world adopts the same day the same amendments of the payment. On this point, the FIFA is inflexible. The rules of football are not enacted by the only FIFA, but are discussed and voted by an old named British institution International Board (IFAB). The FIFA has four votes to with it while the federations of England, of Scotland, of Wales and Northern Ireland count there a voice each one.

Distinctions

The FIFA indicates each year the Meilleur footballer of year FIFA since 1991 for the men and since 2001 for the women.

A classification of the national teams is perpetually carried out.

At the time of its centenary in 2004, the FIFA made play a match of prestige opposing the France to the Brésil. These two formations were the best over the last decade. Moreover, Brazil, with these five gained World cups, symbolizes the sporting success while France was the ground of birth of the FIFA.

Always at the time of its centenary in 2004, the FIFA required of Pelé to draw up a list of the 100 best alive players. Peeled gave 125 of them: FIFA 100.

Presidents of the FIFA

FIFA and ethics

At the time of sound 56e congress (2006), the FIFA made ethics one of its priorities. The general topic of this countryside is to propose a better governorship and a better transparency in the world of football in order to protect it from the drifts which threaten it: relations between federations and public authorities, property, influence and control of the clubs, transfers of players, agents of players, bets and harmonization of the calendar, in particular.

Simultaneously with this action, the FIFA joins in 2006 the operation Unitaid, aiming at taxing the plane tickets in order to finance the purchase of drugs for the underprivileged countries. The balloons of the World cup of 2006 are thus floqués in the name of this operation.

The FIFA however did not discover the concept of ethics in 2006, and it conducts in particular a campaign on the Fair play since 1978. Another topic on which the FIFA works since 1997: child work.

The International organization of work launched in 1997 a campaign against the child work. The UNICEF and the FIFA are in particular also associated with this countryside. As regards football, it is especially the manufacture of the balloons by the children which is aimed. An agreement was signed by the FIFA on this point in 1997 concerning the district of Sialkot (Pakistan), particularly touched by this phenomenon. Between 1997 and 2000, the program in particular made it possible to cover 95% of the manufacturers of balloons of this district by proposing an education with more than 10.000 children. Like notes it the conclusions of ILO: “The population of the district of Sialkot is from now on quite conscious that the child work is a social plague which must be éradiqué by all the means available to each individual, family or community. ” Since 1999, no case of work of children was announced in the controlled workshops of seam. Extremely of this success, this operation on the district of Sialkot was intensified of 2000 with 2003 in order to cover 100% of the manufacturers of balloons. The FIFA invested more than one million dollars in this operation between 1997 and 2003. 540.000 additional dollars are invested there since 2004 in order to set up, in particular, of the local organizations ready to give medical care.

Since the February 13rd 2003, the FIFA and the International organization of work lead a campaign entitled “red Paperboard to the child work”. This world level campaign implies in particular former players such Roger Milla and is declined in very varied forms: go of protest here, artistic contest there, and matches of football elsewhere. In 2006, date of installation of a “day against the child work” (June 12th), the slogan of this operation is: “End of the child work: together we can do it! ”.

FIFA and polemics

The English journalists excel in the denunciation of the lower parts of the FIFA. One will thus quote David Yallop which publishes in 1999 How they stole the range (how they stole the play). It denounces there the management of João Havelange. In the same vein, Andrew Jennings publishes in 2006 red Carton! where he denounces the management of Sepp Blatter by taking again many data already published by Yallop (elections " truquées" in 1996 and 1998, by exempe). The FIFA tried, in vain in both cases, to make prohibit the publication of these works. The first did not have any major consequence with the FIFA while the second, left fresh date, is currently used with the examining magistrate of the Canton as Zoug Thomas Hildbrand, specialized in the crimes and economic frauds, for his investigation into the company from now on in bankruptcy ISL and the FIFA because of strong suspicions of corruption and embezzlements.

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