International exhibition of Decorative and industrial Arts modern
Artistic creation in France during the Mad years is marked especially by the organization of the International exhibition of decorative and industrial Arts modern which is held in Paris from April at October 1925. With this occasion, the international ideas of avant-garde concerning architecture and the applied arts are confronted.
Mr. Dufrêne says that “the art of 1900 was the art of the field of imagination, that of 1925 is field of the reason”. However, during the exposure, two tendencies dominate: a first style influenced by the language Art nouveau and a second known as modern which is characterized by a innovating vocabulary, borrowed Cubisme and Russian Constructivisme.
The style Art déco takes its rise well before the war in the dispute and the abuses caused by the art nouveau. Its blooming takes place with the major event of the years 1920 in France, the International exhibition. Located between the Esplanade of the Invalids and the accesses of the Large and Petit Palais. The exposure accommodates: 4000 guests during the inauguration, on April 28th and of the thousands of visitors each day.
Name " Art déco" a will of unifying style implies. However two tendencies are distinguished: contemporaries and the old decoration of the years 1900 (Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann) and partisans of the modernism, the international Style, the purism. The specificity of the creator art déco is that he is regarded as a " ensemblier" , it must create the totality of the part chosen, of the ground to the ceiling; it must harmoniously conceive architecture and furniture, accessories.
Le Corbusier, for the House of the new Spirit that it conceives in July 1925 with his cousin Pierre Jeanneret at the time of the exposure, also constructs the whole of furniture that it names " rather; équipement" , kinds of racks standard, incorporated in the walls or flexible. The House of the new Spirit is a transitory building, illustrating the concepts of Purism and new the Esprit review founded by Ozenfant and Le Corbusier in 1920. Inside the cell of dwelling, pictorial works of Leger ( balustrades It ), Ozenfant, Gris, Picasso and Le Corbusier ( Still life of the New Spirit ) are exposed. As for Ruhlmann, it realizes at the time of the exposure, the house of the Collector, while being surrounded of a good number of craftsmen and artists. Pierre Patout conceives the structure of the building, of rather traditional style: round projection side garden, planks decorated with low reliefs, projection of the oval living room, columns simplified (without base nor capital). Decoration interior, luxurious, elegant, from great quality, returns in Ruhlmann which encumbers the parts of pieces of furniture, of refined and invaluable objects, inspired of the style of the 18th century. This house causes the admiration of all the visitors.
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