Interleukine 1

The Interleukine-1 (often abréviée IL-1 ) is a Cytokine secreted by the Macrophage S, the Monocyte S and the dendritic cells. She plays a prominent part in the inflammatory answer of the crops to the Infection S. She increase the expression of factors of adhesion on the cells endothéliales, in order to facilitate the transmigration of the Leucocytes (white globules) on the sites of the infection.
Elle " reprogramme" also the thermoregulator center of the Hypothalamus, leading to an continuous increase of the body temperature, i.e. the Fever . This is why it is called a pyrogenic endogenous (the fever helps the immune system to fight against the infection, and delays the viral replication . However, she also plays, with strong concentration, the part of " CRH tissulaire" , releasing the Cortisol, which attenuates the inflammatory answer and the fever.

There actually exists not a molecule, but a family of molecules of IL-1, the two forms of Interleukine -1 the most studied being:

it-1α
it-1β

These two forms of IL-1 in general bind to same the receiving cellular, which is composed of two related but nonidentical sub-units, which transmit intracellular signals via a way mainly shared with other receivers, like those of the Toll family (receivers of innate immunity) and the receiver with IL-18.

The antagonist with the receiver of the IL-1, the It-1Ra , binds to the same membrane receiver that the IL-1, and prevents this one from sending its signal to the cell. It is used in the treatment of the Polyarthrite rhumatoïde, a autoimmune Maladie in which the IL-1 plays a role-key. One commercially produces it like Anakinra, which is a human form Recombining E of It-1Ra.

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