Intensive Breeding

The intensive breeding is a form of breeding which aims at appreciably increasing the Productivité of this activity, in particular by shortening the phase of growth, and while being freed more or less strongly from the surrounding medium. It relates to the upstream of the die Agro-industrielle.

This system of breeding is characterized by the use of reduced surfaces, the animals being placed in closed buildings, with a high density of population, and depending completely on the stockbreeder for their food. This type of breeding is also characterized by the important recourse to the mechanization and by its insertion in a economic system integrated in which the stockbreeder tends to becoming a chump end Salarié (without the social protection which this statute confers) groups which often provides food and market the products.

Progress of the animal feeds makes it possible to think the breeding in terms of “transformation” of food into animal growth. The interest of this type of breeding is that it makes it possible to provide Viande and other products (egg S, Lait, Cuir, Laine, Fourrure) at cost prices contained, which allowed an unquestionable accessibility of this food. Moreover, this production is less dependant on the climatic risks.

In some cattle-breeding farm, one increases the production while making use of the genetics of the animals. The scientific formula allowing this use is of course not without risk for the human beings, which eat these animals each week. One thinks for example of the allergies: some of the chemical remedies established with the animals have as a root a daily consumable (groundnuts, lactoses, plant species, etc)

The disadvantages relate mainly to the quality of the products, often décriée, as well as the living conditions of the animals. The strong population densities create also Health hazards, which often require treatments Antibiotiques with preventive measure. That led to various evolutions, like the fixing of minimal standards per legislative or regulatory way (cf in particular the European directives on the matter) and of the quality control marks for better satisfying the consumers.

The intensive breeding relates in general to the Race S strongly selected, mainly the Volaille S and the Porc S, but it also applies to the Bovin S like with wild species, in Aquaculture for example.

When the breeding is led in a way completely independent of the local agricultural production, one speaks about “breeding out-ground”. It should be noted however that these breedings need nevertheless a minimal surface to extend the dejections (in particular the Lisier of pigs) without causing water pollution by nitrates and phosphates contained in these effluents.

One also speaks about “breeding out of battery”, in particular for calves and the poultries, by reference to the cages, sometimes superimposed, in which the animals are maintained.

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