Insult
The first text in French mentioning insults which reached us is the Song of Roland at the 11th century. The flowered expressions are addressed to the Sarrasins.
This article proposes an approach Transdisciplinaire of the concept approached. It also relates to the concept of insult.
Although it appears in the category Linguistique, it will be refers to concepts exits of psychosocial sciences and Psychanalyse, while questioning the practices of the daily life.
Being located by nature on the side of the Transgression, the insult, considered as “except standards” of the correct Language, is the subject of few studies. It is precisely its nature except standard which gives him the particular capacity to start very strong emotion S at insulted. The more the insult is left in “impensé”, the more its irruption arises with violence and fact Effraction at that which receives it at the point to leave him like only possible answer a passage to the dangerous act.
Related concepts are those of Blasphème, which question the report/ratio with the Sacré in a human group, and of Juron in which the expression “except standards” is used in an interjectory way .
Etymology and semantic field of the concept
Insult N. F. appears of abort in the form insult, (1380) within the meaning of " rising, sédition" , undoubtedly borrowed from medieval Latin insultus, " assault, attaque" (before 1125) (of the Latin insultare : to jump on, in, against) --¹-- indicates the Action to offend, to wound orally intentionally or accidentally. Today the term is usually employed within the meaning of Acte or of Parole which aims at outrager, or which constitutes a Outrage. The related concepts are those of Injure, of Offense, Blasphème, Sacrilège, invective, sacrings in Quebec.
The insult like exchange-value and attack with the identity
The insult always expresses the opposite of a Valeur, the insult, when it is intentional, is negation of what counts with the eyes of that which utters it.
The insult like transgression first
To consider the insult like Transgression first, it is necessary to refer to the related concept of Injure: where juris returns to the Droit and its violation in the insult. It is thus an attack with the Loi. Which Law? That of the Language just, that which any mother learns with her child. By prohibiting the " to him; large mots". Before even aiming at the other in the interpersonal relationship to become insult and thus " assaut" , attacks, the child will experienced the pleasure of the transgression of the language " propre" while daring to say " merde". This word there intervenes after the " caca" who was a stage perceived like normal by the parents. They is later, towards four or five years that the child will discover the particular capacity gotten by the Usage of this type of words. In fact, the insult is undoubtedly not the exact term here, because the insult is addressed well to somebody whom one insults, a small other or a great Other (the language, the gods, the social norm). But when one knocks oneself in a door and that " is said; brothel of god! " one swears more than one insult and the correct concept would be that of Juron. The four year old child who only plays in his room with his toys will say " merde" and " bordel" with its building set is 1) for the pleasure of transgressing the standard enacted by the mother like " large Autre" language. 2) is quite simply to discharge its aggressiveness through the Usage of prohibited words. It is not impossible that the author of this article, by quoting certain words prohibited under pretext of illustrate an erudite matter on the insult is located in this pleasure of transgressing while making its readers accessory. Evelyne Larguèche, proposes the following theorization of the insult: The scene of the insult: a injurior, that which says the insult; a injuriaire, that to which addresses the insult but which is not necessarily the object of the insult, and one insulted which plays office of " référent". She speaks in this case about insult référentielle". When injuriaire and insulted is the same person, it names this situation interpellative insult. She proposes then a categorization according to the effects aimed by the injurior whom she classifies in two categories: - The insults which aim at wounding insulted and those which aim at shocking insulted and/or witnesses of the scene of the insult. She insists then on the social places occupied by the protagonists, sets of places which will make possible or impossible very distributed for insulted according to whether the relation is equal or strongly hierarchical.
The insult like discharges aggressive
See also: Aggressiveness
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The insult like identity tool for construction
a) Attack with the identity
The identity, it is the Paradoxe of idem and the ipse: to be identical (with a group) and ipse: to be singular, in other words, to be distinguished from the group. The insult exploits especially the register of idem to attack the ipse: " you are not like us. Large weak! You are different, salt white, salt negro, salt Jewish, salt Arab, salt French, dog of infidel, salt goye… " In these examples, the speaker of the insult confirms his membership of the " bon" group by putting remotely the group of the other perceived like " bad objet" with the psychoanalytical direction.
b) Attaque with the regard of oneself the insult is against Valeur, it aims at the identity of the recipient. The identity and more specifically the regard of oneself, are based on the feelings of Valeur and personal Compétence. One of the first insults in the mouth of the child: " it is null, it is no that-là" no one = without value. Then the " come; weak! " and others " idiot! " " fada! " " gogol! " on the playground. One is at the school, and the Compétence, it is the intelligence but also conformity to the standards groupales from where a whole register of insults spacialement located and indicating the place where the " are locked up; except normes" deprived of reason: " One will put to you at Saint Anne" , in Charenton where any other psychiatric hospital according to the sector where the protagonists live.
The insult like danger of " proférance identitaire"
To utter, it is to realize something by a " act of langage". For John Langshaw Austin, theorist of the language, " to say it is faire" , it is to act on reality by the words that one employs. A traditional example of proférance or statement Performatif is in the sentence of the mayor who says: " I declare you plain by the bonds of the Mariage ". This sentence does not note facts, it makes occur a reality: the married couple. The insult conceived as stated performatif would thus carry the risk to realize insulted according to the category used by the insulter. Insulted more is " taken in the langage" with the direction lacanien: it is in the language without being aware that it is in the language, plus the risk to alienate itself in the word of the other is large. (see the Diagram L).
The insult like emotional release
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The insult like marks emotional
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Situations favourable with the insult
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The insult in the right
In right French, the insult is the subject of penal sanctions when it is made against a person in charge of a mission of Public service. One speaks then about “insult”. It relates to only made insults in a nonpublic way. A public insult is an infringement of press. See the right article Insult in section.
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