Instrumentalism
The instrumentalism is the position, in philosophy of sciences, which considers that the scientific models are only instruments enabling us to conceive the phenomena conveniently, and possibly, to precede them by predictions. Instrumentalism is less one positive doctrines that a restriction brought to a too trustful manner to approach sciences, namely, to that which grants from the start to them a range Ontologique, that to say how are truly the things. One calls Réalisme this ontological credit granted to sciences, and that instrumentalism refuses.
One can recognize instrumentalism in the first interpretation of the work of Copernic. In this case, instrumentalism is used to let live in an autonomous way a science which, interpreted in a realistic way (like made Galileo) would enter in conflict with the Cosmologie religieuse. Pierre Duhem and Karl Popper is known to have employed or have discussed the concept of manner exemplary.
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