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Louis VIII of France known as the Lion , born the September 5th 1187 with Paris, dead the November 8th 1226 with Montpensier (Auvergne), was king de France of 1223 with 1226, eighth of the dynasty known as of the direct Capétiens.

He was the son of Philippe II (1165-1223), known as Philippe Auguste and of Isabelle de Hainaut (1170-1190). The court reigns of Louis VIII was however marked by two brilliant campaigns: one against the English in Guyenne, the other against Raymond VI of Toulouse.

Conquest of Guyenne

Called “Lion-hearted” or “the Lion”, not to compete with Richard, it is during the reign of his/her father that Louis obtained his fame: it gained over Jean without Ground the victory of It Rock-with the Monks in 1214. The English barons revolted against Jean without Ground then promised in Louis VIII to give him the crown of England. This last, in 1216, unloaded on the English coasts. May 21st it was crowned king d' Angleterre in London. But Jean without Ground died meanwhile. And English barons, rather than to have to make with an energetic prince as Louis who was likely to block them, decided to decide in favor of the son of Jean without Ground: Henri III. Louis VIII, beaten with Lincoln in May 1217, had to give up his claims at the time of the treaty of Lambeth signed on September 11th, 1217 (it obtained a money large sum n the other hand).

Thereafter, Louis VIII pretexted that the court of England had still not carried out all the conditions of the treaty of 1217. Then, the king of France, benefitting from the minority of Henri III, decided to seize the last English possessions in France. Aquitaine was taken again, the towns of this area falling the ones after the others (the Poitou, the Saintonge, the Périgord, the Angoumois and part of the Of Bordeaux one.). Louis VIII seized all this territory, to the Garonne, during a fast campaign. Henri III did not have any more in France but Bordeaux and Gascogne, which were not attacked.

Conquest of Languedoc

At that time, the south of France was agitated, following the operations carried out against the heretics Cathares.

In 1218, Amaury VI of Montfort, wire of Simon IV of Montfort, had inherited the county of Languedoc. However, this last preferred to leave midday, acceptor to yield its rights on Languedoc to king de France (in exchange of the dignity of constable, first after the crown).

Raymond VII, count de Toulouse, was always suspected by the Church of sheltering of Cathares on its grounds. A council was thus held in Bourges, in 1225, where it was declared that to destroy the heresy was a need and that a new crusade against Cathares was essential (Louis VIII was thus selected to direct forwarding).

With the festivals of barrel year 1226, thousands of knights (the chroniclers of the time give the figure of 50.000 which seems exaggerated) were in Bourges at the sides of the king. This army moved towards the valley of the Rhone, and with its approach, the lords and the cities hastened to make their tender with king de France. The town of Avignon, which belonged to Raymond VII, however refused to open its doors. One then put the seat in front of the fortified town which was regarded then as the key of Languedoc. At the end of three months, the city was taken, and at once Nimes, Castres, Carcassonne, Albi went to Louis VIII.

Raymond VII, as for him, had been locked up in Toulouse. The crusaders, struck by the winter diseases, decided to defer the seat of the city. Louis VIII, as for him, succumbed to the dysentery, in November 1226 (Toulouse fell only in 1228).

Descent of Louis VIII

Married to White of Castille, it gives him thirteen children of which nine survive beyond of a year:

  • Philippe (1209-1218) wife 1217 Agnes de Donzy,
  • Louis IX (April 25th, 1214 - 1270),
  • Robert Ier (1216-1250) count d' Artois who marries Mahaut of the Brabant,
  • Jean (1219-1232) count d' Anjou and of Maine,
  • Alphonse (1220-1271) count de Poitiers and of Toulouse which marries Jeanne of Toulouse (1220-1271),
  • Philippe Dagobert (1222-1232),
  • Isabelle de France (1225-1270) abbess of Longchamp,
  • Charles Ier of Sicily (1227- January 7th, 1285) king de Sicile, king de Naples, king de Jerusalem, count de Provence. In 1246, Charles marries Béatrice of Provence (1234-1267) and in 1268, it remarie with Marguerite of Burgundy (1248-1308).
  • Alphonse and Jean (1213 Twins)
  • Philippe (1218+ .....)
  • Etienne (1225)

See too

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