Institutional analysis

One generally speaks about institutional analysis, very short. The qualifier “vincennoise” makes it possible to identify one of the movements of “institutional analysis” which was particularly established at the university of Vincennes, then in Saint-Denis.

Conflict on the paternity of the institutional analysis

The syntagm “analyzes institutional” is used also in institutional Psychothérapie. When he wants to go quickly, Jean Oury defines the institutional analysis as analyzes permanent our social alienation. When him for theoretical references are asked, it returns to François Tosquelles. Felix Guattari affirmed the creator of it (see for example, Jean Oury in Pratique of institutional and political the , Matrice, 1985, p. 48). Formation and research, studies the Center of institutional (CERFI) that this last created, editor of the review '' Recherches '', proposed to exceed the only psychiatric field to question everywhere where the questions of the Inconscient and the problems of the capacities mix inextricably. But under applicant one finds another personality: Georges Lapassade.

Georges Lapassade

This last, aggregate of philosophy, being formed with the Social psychology, sociology, the dynamics of the groups, takes part in various Marxist movements (around the review Arguments , around the group and of the review Socialisme or cruelty ). Self-management activist, it engages in pedagogy. Thus it is brought to meet F. Oury and R. Fonvieille when they are founding a “institutional pedagogy” soon duelle.

The general project of G. Lapassade is before any policy: to change the company. Our company bureaucratise, the choices and the decisions tends to escape the individual, raptés by the bureaucratic system . The individual becomes more and more alienated with this system, more and more heteronomous. One perceives here the influence of Cornelius Castoriadis which developed the opposition between autonomy (“the legislation or regulation by oneself”) and heteronomy (“the legislation or regulation by another”) in a series of texts published in the review Socialisme or cruelty (included later in its book imaginary institution of the company ).

With Rene Lourau, it then will create and theorize a mode of social analysis which is at the same time a technique of intervention: institutional analysis.

Rene Lourau

In the institutional analysis , its thesis of State, R. Lourau gives again with the concept of institution its dynamic quality while resting on dialectical the hégélienne (universality, characteristic, singularity). The institution is defined by three moments the dialectical movement:

the universality, which is the positive unit… “it is in this moment that the concept is fully true, i.e. true abstractedly, generally. ” R. Lourau, institutional analysis , Paris, Editions of Midnight, 1970, p. 10.
the characteristic, which is the negation of the previous moment, of the positivity of the concept. Indeed, whatever the case considered, “Any general truth cease being it fully as soon as it is incarnated, applies under particular, circumstantial conditions…” R. Lourau, the institutional analysis , COp cit., p. 10.
the singularity, the negation of the negation, the moment of the negative unit, which consists of social forms by which incarnates the institution.

It supplements this model using an other, which takes as a starting point C. Castoriadis, and which makes play three other moments: the legatee, it instituting and institutionalization. These three terms are present in the texts that the latter published in Socialisme and cruelty , but it is R. Lourau which will specify them and to articulate them. In addition, the accent will be put at the time of the institutionalization, which remains secondary compared to the two others at C. Castoriadis (at which, moreover, none of the three terms is central). The legatee, who includes all that is established, laws, like energy-of-oneself, corresponds at the time of the universality. Instituting (makes a multitude of instituting forces of it) quiest-EC-which puts the legatee in tension, denies it, calls it into question, corresponds at the time of the characteristic. Processes of institutionalization by which contradiction between the legatee and instituting it is solved, which corresponds at the time of the singularity. The legatee can assimilate part of instituting, i.e. it changes in this direction. Part of the tension between the two thus disappears. Another part is not taken in these processes of institutionalization, the tension is maintained then. The new shape of the legatee can generate new forms of instituting.

Lastly, following an analysis of the text of S. Freud “Crowd psychology and analyzes Ego”, R. Lourau determines three types of deviances which will end up being regarded as a third dialectical triad constituting the concept of institution:

Idéologique, “… which expresses doubts on the finalities, general strategy of the organization…” ibid, p. 282. ,
Libidinal, “… which occupies a too great place in the of libido structure of the group, and throws the doubt, by its only presence, on the serious one of the ideology or the organization. ” Ibid,
Organisationnel, “… which tackles face - and either via theoretical dissensions or of physical behaviors anxiogènes- the point where encounter the most practical and material problems, on the one hand and, on the other hand, the most theoretical questions: the organization. ” Ibid, p. 283.

Notice on the term of “moment”

This term comes from Georg Hegel. According to Patrice City ( Situations of third-triangulation , first half of the year of the academic year 1998-1999), it abundantly was translated and included/understood in France like temporal moment. The dialectical movement being then included/understood like a succession of moments: one then the other, etc But, it seems that the German term das Moment refers, not with an time interval, but with a force in action. The moment of a physical force is the product of its standard by the distance to the axis to which it applies correlated according to the angle that it produces with this one. The simplest example, it is the arm of lever: the exerted force multiplied by the length of the lever. One obtains then, either a succession of time intervals but a dynamic set of forces, fluctuating power struggles.

Beside the concept of institution, one finds others, such “analyzer”, “transversality”, which come from institutional psychotherapy (Felix Guattari, Psychanalyse and transversality ), others, more specific (the implication, which was going to have much more success).

At its beginnings, the institutional analysis claimed to be at the same time a tool of regulation of the microphone-social tensions and total change of the company (self-management).

And well this project is always alive, as Henri Lefebvre announced it besides, which considered that the intervention was by far one of the most interesting ways of sociology. Today, the socianalytic interventions developed in several sectors, beyond the schools, of the hospitals, the teaching centers médico which had seen them being born. The socianalyses can be short, or of long life. They make it possible to analyze the dialectical one with work in an establishment, in a situation.

Patrice Ville carries out socianalyses in the French nuclear power since 1984. He created a team of socianalystes professional with Christiane Gilon and Fabienne Fillion. Dominique Jaillon on his side developed the coaching socianalytic. In Paris VIII, Georges Lapassade, Remi Hess, Benyounès, Kharouni, animates a Research laboratory in institutional analysis, makes live a global area network of institutional analysts and publishes a review whose title shows the vitality of the movement: " irrAIductibles".

The devices socianalytic evolved/moved much since the years 1960, and are able to put in analysis complex social systems. With the beginning of the year 2000, the institutional socianalyse invented the networks socianalytic, using Internet, allowing socianalyses with more than 300 participants.

Collectivization of the knowledge, restitution of the knowledge to the whole of people, implication of the social actors in the businesses which relate to them, these parties taken of the socianalyse give to the current devices a political dimension which reactualizes the starting project permanently. The political period which opens, with a social movement which goes in the same direction, is the occasion to push these practices further and to divide them with the greatest number.

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