Institute of France

The Institut of France is at the same time a academic Institution French created the October 25th 1795 and the name of the Parisian building of the 23 Quai Conti in the 6th district of Paris which is the seat. The institute of France gathers the French Academy, the Académie of the inscriptions and the humanities, the Academy of Science, the Académie of the Art schools and the Academy of Science morals and political.

The Institute gathers five academies

The Institute of France also gathers a certain number of Fondation S in France and abroad, of which most important is the Fondation of Aumale to the Château of Chantilly.

It is currently directed by Gabriel de Broglie.

History of the building

In 1661, in its will and by its great fortune, the cardinal Mazarin request the foundation under Louis XIV, of a college having to receive sixty gentlemen of the nations joined together with royal obedience by the Treated of Westphalia (1648) and the Treated of the Pyrenees (1659) (from where the name of College of the Four-Nations, which are the Artois, the Alsace, Pignerol and the Roussillon, with the Cerdagne).

Colbert load Louis Vau to draw up the plans of the college vis-a-vis the square court of the Louvre on other side of the the Seine.

Construction was carried out between 1662 and 1688.

In 1796, the building accommodates one of the three central schools of Paris, under the name of “central School of the Four-Nations”. The School is closed in 1802, and in 1805, at the request of, the Institute of France settles in the college. Antoine Vaudoyer transforms the Chapelle into room for the meetings of the academies.

Institution

History

The Republic having removed the royal academies, the Constitution of year III (article 298) established in 1795: “ There is for all the Republic an National institute charged to collect the discoveries, to improve arts and sciences. ” The law on the organization of the state education of the 3 brumaire year IV (October 10th, 1795) organizes a “National institute of sciences and arts” for “ to improve sciences and arts by not stopped research, by the publication of the discoveries, the correspondence with the learned societies and foreign, to follow the scientific work and arts persons who will have as an aim the general utility and the glory of the Republic. ” Another law, 15 germinal year IV (April 4th 1796), specifies the payment of the new institution, and in particular the detail of its activities (working sessions, meetings public, attribution of price).

The Institute of France is then divided into three classes:

  1. Class of physical sciences and mathematics, cash two presidents, for physical sciences, for mathematical sciences (10 sections);
  2. Class of sciences morals and policies (6 sections);
  3. Class of literature and the fine arts (8 sections).

However the class of sciences morals and policies appeared to lack loyalty towards the mode of the Consulat. The decree of the consuls of January 24th 1803 (3 brumaire Year XI) removes the class of sciences morals and policies and divides the third class into three. The four classes are from now on:

  1. the Class of physical sciences and mathematics;
  2. the Class of language and French literature;
  3. the Class of the language old and history;
  4. the class of the fine arts.

In 1816, Louis XVIII, via his Minister of Interior Department the Count de Vaublanc, reorganizes the Institute by its ordinance of March 21st, reorganization which is used besides as pretext to exclude certain members. The name of “Academy” is again employed to indicate the various classes: the titles of “French Academy”, “Academy of the Inscriptions and the humanities” and of “Academy of Science” are restored, while the fourth class takes the name of “Academy of the Art schools”.

While restoring, by ordinance of October 26th 1832, the “Academy of Science morals and policies”, Louis-Philippe gives to the Institute his current configuration.

Organization

The Institute of France and its academies from now on are subjected to title IV of the law of program {{number}} 2006-450 for research of April 18th 2006. This law lays out that the Institute and the academies constitute moral persons of public law to particular status. The general reglementation of the institution was adopted by.

The bodies of the Institute are:

  • the chancellor, elected for three years by the central administrative commission and experienced by the President of the Republic;
  • central administrative commission made up of the six perpetual secretaries and two deputy elected officials per academy;
  • the General meeting including/understanding all the regular members of each academy, except that of sciences which delegates 50 members for this purpose;
  • the Office made up of the president, the chancellor, the perpetual secretaries, the director of the French Academy and the presidents of the other academies;
  • the president, who is each year successively the president of one of the academies (the perpetual secretary for the French Academy);
  • of the technical commissions, the special subcommittees and the jurys.

However, the most important authorities for operation running are the chancellor and the central administrative commission. First authority has on the personnel, is directing receipts and expenditure, represents the Institute in the Contrat S and in justice. The central administrative commission exerts the functions of assembly deliberating by adopting the Budget and the modifying decisions as well as other financial provisions, by regulating the use of the buildings, etc The Institute and its academies are subject to the rules of the Public accounts. They have a public accountant who bears the name of “receiver of the foundations”. They are subjected to the Code des Marches Publics and the control of the Court of Auditors.

Libraries

Institute depend four Bibliothèque S on research:
  • Library Mazarine, in Paris
  • Library of the Institute, in Paris
  • Library Thiers, in Paris
  • Library of the museum Cop, with Chantilly

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