Inowrocław

Inowrocław (in German Hohensalza ) is a Ville of Poland which counts 77.826 inhabitants (2004). It is a Chef-lieu of district ( powiat ) of the Voïvodie de Cujavie-Poméranie.

Geographical location

Inowrocław is located on the Noteć, to 40 km in the south-east of Bydgoszcz. The city is on a layer of salt from 10 to 20 m thickness on average.

Inowrocław is a important Nœud Railway network Polish. It is also a road Carrefour important.

Toponymy

The first historical mention of the city goes back to 1185. The city is called Novus Wladislaw . Wladislaw refers to the name Włodzisław , which as old man Polish meant Władysław (Ladislas). Novus (new) suggests a bond with Włocławek, perhaps because the city was rested by former inhabitants of Włocławek. As from the 13th century, the city is described as Juvenis (Young) and the name of the city Latinizes to become Wladislavia . The evolution of the name gives Juniwladislavia very quickly. Thereafter the name becomes Iuniwłocław and then Inowłocław .

Parallel to the Polish name, there is a German name . With the the Middle Ages, the city is called Leslau or Jungleslau . Thereafter, the name approaches the Polish form and becomes Inowrazlaw . In 1904, following the policy of germanisation, the city is baptized Hohensalza (literally “High Salt”).

After the rising of the Large-Poland and the resurrection of the Poland, the name takes its final form of Inowrocław.

History of the city

The site is occupied since the age of the stone. At the 11th century, the city is a place where are held of the Marché S. One exploits also the salt. Inowrocław receives the urban Privilège S in 1238 of the hands of Casimir Ier de Cujavie. Until the middle of the 14th century, the city is the Capitale of a Duché of the same name. Then, it is incorporated in the kingdom Poland. In the city the lawsuits take place which oppose Poland to the Chevaliers Teutoniques. Thus in 1321, Teutoniques are condemned to return the Poméranie to Poland. Of 1466 with 1772, the city is the Chef-lieu of a Voïvodie.

Following the divisions of Poland, the city is annexed by the Prussia and is the object of an intensive germanisation. The city takes again its rise at the 19th century: Printing works (1840), school average (1848), new Hospital (1870), increasingly intensive exploitation of the salt, thermal spa (1875), manufacture of agricultural machinery and Soda (1882), Factory with Gas (1904), Powerplant (1908), appearance of the Tram (1912). The city becomes also a railway Nœud important. Parallel to this Economic development, the inhabitants take part in all the Insurrection S Polish against the occupant (Insurrection of Kościuszko, Insurrection of November, Insurrection of January).

Following a rising of its inhabitants, Inowrocław joined Poland ressuscitée in 1919. During the Inter-war period, the city suffers hard from the catastrophic state of the Polish economy. The Unemployment and criminality explode. In 1926, the police force represses in blood a demonstration of Travailleur S. In spite of the difficulties, the city continues its growth. The Glassmaking Irena and a news mine of salt is created (1924). Beside the thermal spa, the construction of the Institute of the natural science finishes in 1927. In 1933, the Aéroport is finished.

In 1939, at the time of the first days of the German Occupation , of many inhabitants is stopped among them the happy Stanislas Kubski (1876-Dachau 1942) béatifié in 1999. Many will be off-set or carried out. The night of the November 30th 1939, the German S expel city 1.000 families Polish. Of 1939 with 1944, the city accommodates a camp transit of a capacity of 10.000 people for the moved Poles. Camps also accommodate captive English, French and Soviet S condemned to the forced labors. Of 1943 with 1944, there is also a camp which accommodates up to 1000 Officier S French prisoners.

In January 1945, the city is released by the Red Army .

Economy

Inowrocław is one of the principal economic centers of Cujavie-Poméranie:

Tourism

  • Monument S
    • Church Notre-Dame of Romance style (founded at the beginning of the 13th century, rebuilt 1950 with 1952)
    • church Nicolas saint of Gothic style late (founded at the 15th century, rebuilt at the 17th century)
  • Thermal spa
  • Botanical garden
  • Museum J. Kasprowicz

Twinning

, to see

External bonds

  • Official site of the city
  • History and presentation of the city

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