Innocent IV
Innocent IV , born Sinibaldo de Fieschi (towards 1180/90 - December 7th 1254), “ Comes Laurentius ” in the Prophecy of Saint Malachie. Pope elected the June 25th 1243, belonged to the one of the principal families of Genoa. Formed to Parma and Bologna, it passed for one of the best canonists of its time.
After the fast death of Célestin IV in 1241, the Church remained more than one year without pope. The new conclave took place with Anagni and the June 25th 1243 Sinibaldo de Fieschi, bishop of Albenga was elected pope and took the name of Innocent. The emperor Frederic II, with which it had had positive ratios, had said that it lost the friendship of a cardinal and gained the enmity of a pope. The emperor began negotiations to put an end to the Excommunication and the conflict which lasted since Gregoire IX.
In 1244, when Louis IX of France decides to undertake a Seventh crusade, it encourages it, but ignores the course of the events thereafter.
The disagreements were however not regulated and Innocent withdrew at the summer 1244 in its town of Genoa, then towards Lyon where it called a general Council which meets in 1245 and deposited Frederic. The agitation caused by this action through all Europe finished only with dead of Hohenstaufen in 1250. The pope could then return to Rome in 1253.
In 1252 it authorizes the civil authorities to use the Torture against the heretics with the bubble AD extirpandam , insofar as the defendant risks neither the mutilation nor death, which dissociates practices of the time
In 1253, it went to devote the Basilique Saint-François (Base) completely built and called from now on “Head and Mother about the Minor Brothers”.
The end of its pontificate was devoted to the fight against Manfred de Hohenstaufen, wire naturalness of Frederic II, who was constant like legitimate successor of the Royaume of Sicily by the cities and the noble ones. On his bed of died in Naples, the pope heard the news of the victory of Manfred with Foggia and he died on December 7th, 1254.
Its scholarship in canonical Droit left a Apparatus in quinque libros decretalium . It had the reputation of a man erudite and intelligent, but miserly, petty, couard and vindicatory.
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