Infrastructures in Guyana

The infrastructures are concentrated on the cities and villages of the littoral in Guyana. Largest area of France appears often under-equipped as regards road infrastructures in the villages of the interior, it is indeed a reality. However other networks and means of communication are set up to disenclose the interior of the territory.

Highway network

Network of trunk roads

They are 4 and add up an overall length of 464 km mainly on the littoral. These roads constitute the highway network mainstay of Guyana, by connecting between them the principal communes of the Guianese littoral and the most populated in particular: Cayenne and its agglomeration, Kourou and Saint-Laurent-of-Maroni the. In a near future (2008) this network will accommodate an international traffic, with the creation of the bridge on the Oyapock on the level of Saint-Georges-in-the Oyapock.

Network of secondary roads

This network accommodates a less dense traffic, they are country roads which serve the villages of the littoral. The overall length of the network is about 400 km. It is noted a deviation of ten kilometer to the accesses of the launching base of KOUROU, this one could increase with the installation of the RUSSIAN rocket. This highway network profits only from 10% of public lighting, which will have to evolve/move in a short while…

Network of forest tracks

These tracks are sometimes almost impassable and often prohibited with circulation. They are transportation routes normally reserved for the activities of Forestry development and legal Orpaillage, but their access being seldom controlled, they is often borrowed by people not - authorized.

Since 2007, a permanent stopping of the gendarmerie keeps the track entry of Bélizon on the RN 2 in order to control its access, as well as the traffic between Cayenne and the Brésil. Another permanent stopping in parallel controls the passage coming from Suriname with the height of Iracoubo.

Route air

Guyana has a International airport " Rochambeau" located at Matoury and several aerodromes: Camopi, Maripasoula, Ouanary, Saint-Georges-with-the Oyapock, Saint-Laurent-of-Maroni the, Saül

The airline company Air Guyana, largely subsidized by the Guyana area, serves daily Maripasoula and Saül of which it is besides the only means of access (the removal of the line had caused the asphyxiation of the village at the end of the years 1990). There exist also occasional flights in direction of Saint-Georges-in-the Oyapock and Camopi, primarily to transport funds towards the post offices.

Railways

Although currently non-existent, a Guianese rail network however has a day set up. It was built by the convicts to connect different bagnes to the other transportation routes. One still finds traces by places of them. Generally, the spans (sometimes not yet rotted) and the rails are absorbed in the forest:

the railway of the bagne of Anamites on the commune of Montsinéry-Tonnegrande
the railway of Saint-Élie led Tigre station (currently under the lake of reserve of the Barrage of Petit-Saut) to the borough of Saint-Élie
the St. Lawrence of Maroni was connected by the railway to Charvein (old bagne of Forest on the road of Mana) and to Saint-Jean-of-Maroni the (still observabe at the edge of the road of Midsummer's Day)

Sea and river transport

The Guyana has an important commercial port, the port of Dégrad-Of-Cannes on the territory of the town of Rémire-Montjoly. It is about one of the most expensive ports in the world because being located in the mouth of the Mahury, one needs the désenvaser unceasingly. The draft being limited, it is not rare that boats are enlisent there. It ensures the majority of exports and imports of the territory with the metropolis, the others areas overseas and the foreign states.

The boats with stronger tonnage (mainly tourist) have the possibility of stopping with the unloading dock of the islands of the Hello.

The port of Larivot is an industrial fishing port, which is on the territory of the town of Matoury. It is the 9th French fishing port from its activity. The companies fish the Crevette, and the Vivaneau.

The port of Pariacabo to Kourou makes it possible to accommodate the Hummingbird and the Toucan, two boats which transport the parts of the ARIANE rocket.

The rivers and splits of Guyana are officially nonnavigable. However, an important circulation feeds the wedged villages of the Maroni and the Oyapock. It is besides about the only regular means of communication for Camopi, Ouanary, Saint-Élie, Apatou, Large-Santi and Papaïchton (see air Routes). There exists also an important traffic on the lake of reserve of the Barrage of Petit-Saut (although that is officially prohibited), the Approuague and the Mana to supply the sites of gold washing in particular.

For information, the word " dégrad" locally indicate a port or an unloading dock. This word gave place to many localities (e.g.: Dégrad-Of-Cannes, Dégrad Saramaka, Dégrad Eskoll, Dégrad Corrèze, etc).

Postal service

The cities and villages of the littoral are well equipped, the services offered are comparable with those proposed in metropolis. Certain villages of the interior of the Guyana do not have post offices: Ouanary, Saint-Élie, Apatou, Large-Santi, Papaïchton. The post offices of the villages always do not propose all the services. The automated tellers in particular do not exist with Awala-Yalimapo, Mana, Montsinéry and Regina.

Internet and telecommunications

The littoral is connected to the Internet high banc via ADSL. A project is currently in hand to connect all the communes of Guyana to the Internet high banc via satellite receivers and networks Wi-Fi with great range.

All the communes have access on the telephone, energy of the simple phone box in the interior, with the phone network on the littoral. Only the commune of Saül is private telephone, just as of some Amerindian hamlets and bushinengues of the interior. The schools and the dispensaries present in these villages are however connected by satellite phones.

Electricity

The Barrage of Petit-Saut feeds the cities of the Littoral: Kourou, Cayenne, Sinnamary, Iracoubo, Saint-Laurent-of-Maroni the. The thermo plant of Dégrad-Of-Cannes supplements the provisioning of the agglomeration cayennaise. The electricity of Saint-Georges-in-the Oyapock comes from the hydroelectric station of Jump-Maripa. The communes of the interior generally produce their electricity starting from Solar panels and of generators. Certain hamlets of the interior do not have an electrical communication.

Running water

The inhabitants of the Guyana as a whole have access to running water made drinkable after treatment. The communes of the littoral draw their water in the rivers neighborhood before treating it. Certain cities of the Maroni and the Oyapock use microforages rather while several hamlets do not have any system of duction of water or treatment and consume rainwater or directly the water of the rivers.

The systems of cleansing are also failing: the system of lagunage of the agglomeration cayennaise makes it possible to treat only the quarter of the dwellings. A great part is directly rejected with the sea. Great work is in hand in order to make up for lost time as regards cleansing in the agglomeration cayennaise. The town of Kourou currently installs its new system of treatment of waste water.

There does not exist treatment of waste water in the other communes. The effluents are directly rejected into the rivers and the sea.

Management of waste

As operational program project FEDER indicates it, " the management of waste is major problems in Guyana. The discharges are 18 of which two only are authorized, though nonin conformity with the standards. CPER recalls that one of them gave place to a judgment of France by the European Cour in 2005. The Recycling is non-existent. The intercommunality were not equipped until recently with competence with processing the waste, which led the communes to continue storage and burning in spite of the standards (burning with the free air releasing 1.000 to 10.000 times more Dioxine that an installation conforms). "

" The progressive transfer of the whole of competence management of waste is encouraging, but will not be able to allow to improve the situation without an effort of infrastructure important."

" The urgency of the situation is all the more pressing as the population growth will worsen it very quickly: the growth of the layer of household waste is estimated at 60% from here 2015. The question of waste of the slaughter-houses also will arise because the current solution of the hiding is not satisfaisante."

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