See also: IF
A information system (noted IF ) represents the whole of the elements taking part in management, storage, the treatment, the transport and the diffusion of the Information within an organization.
Definition
In Data-processing and Telecommunications, and more generally in the world of the company, the term information system (or IF ) has the following significances:
- an organized whole of resources (personnel, Given S, procedures, Software material, ,…) allowing to acquire, store, structure and communicate information in the form of texts, images, sounds, or of Given S coded in organizations. According to their principal purpose, one distinguishes from the information systems supports of operations (treatment of transaction, industrial process control, supports of operations of office and communication) and from the information systems supports of management (production assistance of reports/ratios, decision-making aid…)
-
a system or subsystem of equipment, data processing or telecommunication, inter-connected with an aim of acquisition, storage, the structuring, management, displacement, control, posting, the exchange (transmission or reception) of Given S in the form of texts, of images, sounds, and/or, utilizing, of the Software material and the S.
The information system coordinates thanks to information the activities of the organization and thus allows him to achieve its goals. It is the vehicle of the communication in the organization. Moreover, IF (information system) the whole of the resources represents (the men, the material, software) organized for:
- to collect information.
- to store information.
- to process the data.
- to disseminate information.
Categories of systems
One generally distinguishes three main categories of systems, according to the types of computer application:
- systems of a conception: numerical Calculation, Computer-aided design,…. ;
- the industrial or embarked systems, which function according to techniques Real-time;
- the information systems of management, which employ techniques of Gestion.
From the point of view of the financial value of the data-processing inheritance, the information systems of management are largely majority.
The data-processing Langages employed often differ according to each one of these categories, and inside the categories. For example, the information systems of management employ Cobol, Langage C, C++, Java, etc
Today, the generalization of the applications Web makes necessary a very strong interworking of the systems, which transcends these traditional categories. The Languages of beaconing (HTML, XML,…) impose themselves like standards. These languages are often associated with Framework S. the framework most commonly employed is currently RDF (Resource Framework Description). RDF is based on standards of interworking and the massive use of Métadonnée S, data items common to all the resources and all the systems whatever their uses, which facilitate the accesses and the exchanges.
Composition of an information system
Traditional composition
In a traditional information system of a large company, one frequently finds:
-
a ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning (in French: PGI for Business package integrated) - which integrates all the computerized systems making it possible to support the operation of the company;
- of the systems called “specific” (or: not standards, of design “house”, developed to measure, which one does not find on the market,…), where one will meet more applications in the fields of the invoicing, the production assistance, or additional functions.
In the ERP, one finds modules covering various spheres of activity (such as for example: production control, the management of the commercial relation with the customers, human stock management, accountancy,…).
It is frequent that a company is equipped with several different software packages according to its spheres of activity. In this case, the software packages are not completely integrated as in a PGI, but are interfaced between them like with specific applications. One will find for example applications of:
- CRM - Customer Relationship Management (in French: GRC for Management of the client relationship): gather all the functions allowing to integrate the customers in the information system of the company
- SCM - Supply Chain Management (in French: GCL for Management of the supply chain): gather all the functions allowing to integrate the suppliers and logistics into the information system of the company
- HRM - Human Resource Management (in French: GRH for human Stock management)
- PDM - Product Dated French Management (: SGDT for Management system of technical data): functions of assistance to the storage and the management of the technical data. Especially used by the research departments.
Current trend
the field of the communication and information systems has certainly a strong technological component and Informatique. But it is only one aspect of this field which is in fact much vaster. It is a question of conceiving how circulates and is stored information in an effective and coherent way for all the activities of a company, of a corporate network, a public administration, relations between companies, citizens, governments…
The field is vast and relates to all the fields of the human activities. In spite of this width, this field has its scientific unit, builds around concepts, of abstract and concrete constructions, components of methods in particular which are independent of the activities concerned. No doubt, one of the key words of this field of the information systems is that of model accompanied by that of modeling.
Consequently, in the current companies, the communication and information system tends to be directed towards more total units, the data processed by the human one being a knowledge to be managed.
In complement of the SO traditional one, a Ingénierie of knowledge is articulated around the two following components, which one can find in each field of line of business:
- the Content management (in English: content management ), intended to manage rough information and to transform them into Knowledge S or Given S better structured;
- the management of the access , i.e. the management of flows and the protocols of exchange in the networks of (tele) communications internal or shared with the partners.
Other possible components
Other components can be included in an information system:
- Databases of the company,
- trades Applications,
- Infrastructure network,
- Waiters of Given S and systems of storage,
- Waiters of application,
- Work stations data processing,
- Devices of safety.
See too
Internal bonds
; Bonds relating to information
- Technologies information and the communication
- Genius of information technologies
- Sciences and information technologies and the communication
- Information sciences and the libraries
- Information theory
- Data processing
- War of information
; Bonds relating to the safety of the information and the information system
- Safety of information
- Information system security
- Insecurity of the information system
- Security policy of the information system
- Responsible for the information system security
; Bonds relative to specialized information systems
- Information system of management
- Information system of human stock management
- System of online information
- geographical Information system
- maritime geographical Information system
- hospital Information system
- maritime Information system
- Information system for the command of the forces
- regimental Information system
- Information system Schengen
- final Information system
; Bonds relating to Data-processing data processing
- Right of data processing
- Urbanization (data-processing)
- Merise (data-processing)
- Methods applied information technologies to the business management
References
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