Inflaton

The inflaton is the name given to the matter shape responsible for the cosmic Inflation, this time when the universe grows in a colossal way. From the point of view of the Physical of the particles, it is about a scalar Champ, following the example électrofaible Champ of Higgs, but which is equipped with a very different dynamics. At the time of the phase of inflation, the Pression of the inflaton becomes negative and remains for all this almost constant period during time, just like its Densité of energy, which takes it also a constant but opposite value. Thus, the inflaton behaves it in a way similar to a cosmological Constante. There is thus at the origin of a phase of expansion accelerated which allows a small homogeneous area of the universe to take considerable dimensions (immensely larger than the observable Univers today), while remaining homogeneous. It is the way in which inflation solves the Problème of the horizon.

The density of energy of the inflaton is considerable: nearly 10 110 higher than the current density of the universe. At the time of the end of the phase of inflation, the pressure of the scalar field grows to reach a quasi null value. At this time there, this field enters a new very different dynamic phase, where it yields its energy to the other matter shapes (it is said sometimes that it disintegrates in elementary particles). This extremely complex phase is called pre-heating, and marks the end of the phase of expansion accelerated of the universe.

In general, the density of energy of the inflaton presents small space fluctuations of quantum origin . These fluctuations resist the phase of pre-heating and are transferred to the ordinary matter which is formed following this phase. They are thus at the origin of the Formation of the great structures (Galaxie S, Galaxy cluster) which one observes today. In certain models inflation, the fluctuations of the inflaton are negligible, but another scalar field, the Curvaton present of the important fluctuations which are they also transferred to the ordinary matter.

See too

References

  • See Works specialized on cosmology

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