Industrial geography
The industrial geography is a branch of the economic Géographie. She studies the space phenomena related to the presence of Industrie S and industries themselves holding of account for example the criteria of localization and the insertion of the Entreprise S in the networks and the systems. The nature and the number of industries present, will define the type of space on which they are established.
Great characteristics of the industrial geography today
The presence of a great number of processing industries of raw materials is characteristic of the old declining industrial areas economic or in reconversion. Their space distribution is related to the presence of Minerai S, or close to the littorals and the navigable River, to reduce the costs of Transport. Contrary industries to high Technologie have especially rules of distribution more flexible and dependant on the presence of a qualified Labor and of a concentration of centers of Recherche S and university.
In general the companies choose the optimal location between Approvisionnement S and Marché, and this one depends on the costs of transport and the labor. Today, more and more, consecutively with the fall of the costs of transport, one sees appearing a bursting of the Line production. The various components of products can be produced thousands of kilometers away and they are then forwarded to the unit of assembly of the finished product. This unit depends still mainly on the proximity of the market of consumption.
The production was thus largely freed from the constraints of space. The localization mainly depends on the tax policies of incentive , on the economic dynamics of a territory, or advantageous production costs.
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