Iliouchine It-28

The Iliouchine It-28 (Code NATO " Beagle") is the first bomber with reaction builds in great series by the the USSR. It made its first flight in 1948 and was built to several thousands of specimens (between 2000 and 6000 following sources), used by a score of different countries.

Design

Immediately at the end of the Second world war, the the USSR launched the development of a first generation of bombers to reaction. Iliouchine proposed a four-jet plane indicated It-22 and whose prototype flew for the first time on July 24th, 1947.

Because of its not very powerful engines, it-22 under-was clearly motorized and had an insufficient operating range. However, as the USSR had just obtained a license of manufacture of the English engine Rolls-Royce Nene, Iliouchine could launch the construction of a new plane equipped with two copies of the Tit as of the beginning of 1948, by resuming the work undertaken for It-22.

The first prototype of It-28 made its inaugural flight on June 8th, 1948, followed by a second plane on December 30th of the same year. Put in competition with the Tupolev You-14, it-28 were designated victorious in May 1949. After the evaluation of the specimens of preproduction, the production was launched for good in September 1949, the first planes leaving factory in March 1950.

The initial version intended for the bombardment was quickly followed alternatives:

  • It-28U of drive with a second cockpit with before and all the armament withdrawn (first flight on March 18th, 1950)
  • It 28R de recognition, with cameras installed in the increased capacity and bomb bay by carburizing (first flight on April 19th, 1950)
  • It-28T with a bomb bay modified for the carrying of Torpedo S (first flight on January 8th, 1951)

The development of the Soviet first Atomic bomb involved the development of a version of It-28 with nuclear capacity (It-28N) which carried out a real dropping during a test on August 23rd, 1953. Of another versions were realized with some specimens, in particular to tractor draw targets or for missions of electronic war. Some It-28 were even disarmed and yielded to the airline company Aeroflot for the transport of the mail.

It-28 was the principal bomber of the Soviet air force during the every years 1950, before being replaced by more modern planes. It-28 was exported towards a score of country on the whole, of which the Czechoslovakia which built the plane under license. The principal user was China: the deliveries started in 1952 and related to several hundreds of specimens. This country also built itself it-28, without license and with local modifications, under the designation of H-5. The first specimen produced in China stole in September 1964 and some of these planes were exported.

Engagements

It Soviet 28R carried out reconnaissance missions at the time of the invasion of Hungary in 1956.

It-28 Chinese carried out missions of combat against Taiwan in 1956, and several planes were lost on this occasion. They also played a part with the Tibet in 1959.

It-28N Soviet had been sent to Cuba in 1962 but were withdrawn following the Crise of the missiles of Cuba.

It-28 Egyptian were engaged during the fight of independence having led to the creation of the Yemen of the south, in the middle of the years 1960. In 1967, these planes would have used on several occasions chemical weapons.

Many It-28 Egyptian and Syria NS were destroyed on the ground by the Israeli raids at the beginning of the Guerre the six day old (1967). The Egyptian planes took part thereafter in the Guerre of Kippour (1973).

The Nigeria engaged its It-28 at the time of the Guerre of Biafra (1967-1970).

It-28 Afghan carried out missions of attack at the time of the Guerre of Afghanistan (1979).

Alternatives

  • Planes produced in the USSR

    • It-28 Beagle: initial version intended for the bombardment
    • It-28N: version modified to carry a Atomic bomb
    • It 28R: version of recognition
    • It-28T: version adapted for the carrying of Torpedo S
    • It-28U Mascot: version of drive not armed

  • Planes produced in China (without license)

    • H-5: bomber
    • HJ-5: version of drive
    • HZ-5: version of recognition
    • B-5/BJ-5/BZ-5: version of export of the H-5/HJ-5/HZ-5

  • Planes produced in Czechoslovakia

    • Avia B-228: bomber
    • Avia CB-228: version of drive

Users

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • It-28 on Air Vectors
  • It-28 on GlobalSecurity.org
  • Ilyushin Nigerian It-28 " Beagle" bombers
  • It-28 in Albania
  • It-28 in Yemen

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