Ier Oscar of Sweden

Oscar Ier , born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte (July 4th 1799 - July 8th 1859), was King de Suède and of Norway of 1844 to its death. He was the only son of Charles XIV Jean of Sweden and his wife, the Queen Desideria. When, in August 1810, Bernadotte was elected Crown prince to Sweden, Oscar and its mother moved Paris with Stockholm (June 1811).

Education

Of Charles XIII of Sweden, Oscar received the title of Duke of Sudermannia. It quickly controlled the Swedish, and when it reaches the age of the majority, it was very appreciated. Its excellent education developed its very great natural talents and he was regarded soon as a reference on all the socio-policies questions. In 1839 it wrote a series of articles on the education of mass, and (in 1841) an anonymous text, " Om Straff och straffanstalter", defending the idea of a reform of the prison system. By twice during the life of his father, it was named viceroy of Norway. June 19th 1823 it married the princess Joséphine, girl of Eugene de Beauharnais, Duc of Leuchtenberg, and grand-daughter of the Empress Joséphine.

Policy

In 1824 and 1833, the crown prince was briefly viceroy of Norway. In 1838 the king starts to suspect his heir of plotting with the Liberal party in order to involve a change of ministry, even its Abdication. If Oscar concretely did not help the opposition to this occasion, its disapproval of the behavior Despotique of his/her father was of public notoriety, although it always avoided a real rupture. Although its Libéralisme is more careful and more moderate, as the opposition discovered it much to its regret shortly after its accession with the throne (March 8th 1844). He refused to hear of the least radical reform of the constitution of 1809. One of its first measurements however was to establish the Freedom of the press. He established a formal equality between his two kingdoms by introducing flags again. The essence of the legislation enacted during the reign of Ier Oscar had like objective to improve the economic positions of Sweden and the Riksdag, in the declaration that he addressed to him in 1857, declared that he more had improved material prosperity of the kingdom than any of his précédesseurs. In the field of the foreign affairs, Oscar Ier was a partisan of the defense of nationalities. In 1848, it supported the Denmark against the Prussia at the time of the First War of Schleswig; it positioned troops Suédoises and Norwegian with Funen and the North of the Schleswig (1849-1850); it negotiated the Trêve of Malmö (August 26th 1848). It was also one of the guarantors of the integrity of the Denmark (Protocole of London, May 8th, 1852). From the 1850, Oscar Ier had conceived a plan of dynastic union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms , but the difficulties which emerged obliged to give up this plan. It succeeds in however reversing the obséquieuse policy of his father towards the Russia. Its fear that the Russia does not claim part of the coast along the Varanger Fjord resulted it remaining neutral during the Crimean War and consequently, in concluding an alliance with the the United Kingdom and the France November 25th 1855) with an aim of preserving the territorial integrity of Scandinavia.

Children

Oscar Ier had 4 legitimate wire including 2, Charles and Oscar, succeeded to him the throne.

  1. King Charles XV (Charles IV in Norway) (1826 - 1872)

  2. Prince Gustave, Duke of Uppland (1827 - 1852)
  3. King Oscar II (1829 - 1907)
  4. Princess Eugenie (1830 - 1889)
  5. Prince Auguste, Duke of Dalécarlie (1831 - 1873)

Oscar also had two children of the actress Emilie Högquist:

  1. Hjalmar Högquist, born on June 18th 1839 with Hamburg.
  2. max Högquist, born on August 12th 1840 with Stockholm.
It are known (in a more or less parodic way) under the name of Princes of Lapland .

With another mistress, Jacket Löwenhielm (born Gyldenstolpe), Oscar had a girl:

  1. Oscaria

People

The mother of Oscar was Désirée Clary, the promised in marriage first of Napoleon I {{er}}. His/her sister, Julie Clary, was married with a brother of Napoleon, Joseph Bonaparte. Wished Napoleon like godfather of Oscar chose.

Refer

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