Idrisside dynasty

The Idrissides or Idrisides (rear RTL ''' الأدارسة ''') are an Arab dynasty having reigned on the Morocco of 789 with 974. The dynasty owes its name with Idrîs I {{er}} back grandson of Hassan. It is made recognize as Imam by the tribe of the Awarba S which had accommodated it and by some Arab S which had accompanied it in its exile. The heritage of Idrissides was not only transitory, since their achievements were the base which allowed the survival of the state and that even in period of disorders and anarchy. They contributed also to the Islamization of the pagan tribes and savagely fought the Kharijisme. While being opposed to these doctrines, they involuntarily prepared the arrival of the Sunnisme (Idris Ier was a Chiite known as zaïdite). Those are also them which imported the tradition of the sherifs. The Idrisside kingdom is urban and it is starting from the cities that Moslem civilization was introduced towards the zones rural. Finally Idrissides left the foundations which served the following dynasties to the kingdom current.

The Idrisside dynasty in Morocco

Period Pre Fatimide

The Idrisside dynasty left victorious after the fratricidal war between wire Idris II against divisions and separatism to become again plain under the command of Muhammad Ben Idris. But its reign is short and death carries it in 836. The very same day and at the nine years and four months age, his/her son, known later under the name of Ali Haïdara, takes the title of Emir. It was a man of a great nobility and equipped with a great intelligence, these aspects appeared during its reign. It reorganized the country and has creates institutions, it reintroduced justice and was strongly supported by its entourage. It brought to the population safety and prosperity and it remained thus until it deceased in 848. The reign is now in the hands of his/her brother Yahya Ben Muhammad, who started with organized the administration of the country. It cut out the country and sent his uncles and brothers managed the areas and rested on them. They badly behaved and exproprié the command of the tribes and declared " to them; we are the wire only of one père". During its reign, the population of Fès became even richer, until becoming mecque Andalusia Morocco and Africa. The travellers came there from any share to live there; the city increased and one beat until the outside of the walls. The Emir is particularly interested in the wellbeing as of his citizens and built gardens, hammams and trade, it is besides during its reign that mosque Quaraouiyine celebrates it was built. After its death, it is his/her son Yahya Ben Yahya who took the reign and it is at that time that the dynasty returned during one time of weakening but it was corrupted, frivolous and insincerely. It enthusiast of pretty Jewish was named Hana and wanted to misuse it in a hamman, when it called the Help!, one helped it and one showed the Emir of adultery. It is this action which changed the regard of the population of Fès and at their head Abd er-rahmane Ben Abi Sahl Al-Jidami which wanted to kill it. But his wife, the princess Atika girl of Ali Ben Omar Ben Idris facilitated her escape of the Kairouaniase bank to the Andalouse bank while refusing to go there with him. When it arrived holy and except, it was reached by heavy remord and the shame of this scandal and mourrut the night even. The actions of Yahya, led Fès for the first time to being directed by a foreigner with the dynasty (Abd er-rahmane Ben Abi Sahl Al-Jidami). What had as a consequence that the Morrocans started to allow to rise and to fight them in spite of will have respect which they had because being the nephews of Muhammed. When Yahya had died and although she had been maltreated, and within sight of what it is occurred of the house of Idrissides (directed by Abd er-rahmane Ben Abi Sahl Al-Jidami, chief of the guard), it started to write with Ali Ben Umar by informing it of the situation with Fès and by requesting it to run towards the city before its does not worsen. The prince was in the country of the Rif and of the senhaja, when the missive arrived, it immediately started its army and moved towards Fès. It entered on the bank kairouanaise and Abd er-rahmane Ben Abi Sahl Al-Jidami taken at once the escape. The population of Fès was happy of this arrival because he had not forgotten what Idrissides did for them and for all the country because for the first time this area had an existence and they put an end to inclinations Abbassides and foreigners on the Moroccan cities. It is also them which put the Berbère directly vis-a-vis the Islam and the result and that all the areas under their domination were Islamized putting an end to the Judaisme, Christianisme and even with the magic. When Ali Ben Umar returned, people of Fès ran towards him and lent oath to him. The Emir remained in his new capital, and was occupied improving the daily newspaper as of his citizens. A rebellion was organized in the mountain of Bouiblanes under the orders of Abderazak Al-fihri Assafri and made party of the family of Huesca in Andalusia. When it had built its castle and set up an army, it went towards Fès to take it. When it arrived, Ali Ben Umar left to fight it and a wild battle follows which saw the defeat of Ali who fuya towards the Andalusia. This as Abderazak Al-fihri Assafri entered the district of the Andalusians while the district of kairouanais resisted to him. Whereas very shown that the end of Idrissides had come, there one saw playing the sacrality of the oath pronounced by the population of Fès to the dynasty because they were not just satisfied to fight Abderazak Al-fihri Assafri, they sent a letter to Yahya Ben Al-Qasim pressing it to come to put a term at the presence from this abroad in the Idrisside house. Yahya Ben Al-Qasim is run towards Fès and settled in the district of Kairouanais before attacking with strength the intruder by driving out it definitively district Andalusian. After having arranged the situation with Fès, it set up an army to fight Assafris. It was killed into 904 by Rabii Ben Soulaïmane. Yahya Ben Idris Ben Umar took the command of the dynasty, it was in addition ready to seize the power, it was also a man of Islam, justice. Under its reign the dynasty will return during a new time with regard to its relations with the foreigner.

The Idrisside dynasty in Andalusia

Chronology

In 788 is born the first Dynastie Musulman E of means-Eastern origin (

In 791 the state Morocco Ain east creates. Idriss Ier, descendant of “Ali, son-in-law of the Prophète flees the Arabia to escape the massacre from its family and comes to settle with Volubilis (Walili) and founds the city of Fès which after its death in 792 will be indicated capital kingdom by his/her son successor Idriss II, this last deals with the construction of the city until in 803 and dies in 828.

The Administration of the kingdom is entrusted to its sons, then with his/her brothers. The economic life with Fès is prosperous, in 857 and 859, the city is prevailed of extraordinary the Mosquée S Quaraouiyine and of the Andalusians. At the beginning of the 10th century Idrisides are indicated Caliph S to Cordoue until the division of the Spain causes their decline and their disappearance in 1055.

In addition to the internal quarrels, the dynasty had to face the Fatimides in the east, then with the Omeyyades de Cordoue in north. They tried to play of the competition between these two great dynasties. The Idrisside last went to Omeyyades.

A few decades later, of the descendants of the family which had been maintained in Andalusia gave birth, with the time of the taïfas, the principality of the Hammudites.

List Emirs Idrissides (789-985)

Founders

789 - 791: Idrîs I {{er}}
791 - 828: Idrîs II (Ensures really the Idrissides governorship that starting from 803, at the 11 years age. )

Emirs

828 - 836: Muhammad Ben Idrîs
836 - 848: `Ali Ben Muhammad (Ali Ier)
848 - 864: Yahyâ Ben Muhammad (Yahya Ier)
864 - 866: Yahyâ Ben Yahyâ (Yahya II)
866 - 880: `Ali Ben `Umar (Ali II)
880 - 904: Yahyâ Ben Al-Qâsim (Yahya III)
904 - 922: Yahyâ Ben Idrîs Ben `Umar (Yahya IV)
905 - 922: Al-Hajjâm Al-Hassan Ben Muhammad Ben Al-Qâsim in the Rif (Hassan Ier Al-Hajam)
922 - 925: Governorship of the dynasty Idrissides (Period of disorders and anarchy)
925 - 927: Al-Hajjâm Al-Hassan Ben Muhammad Ben Al-Qâsim with Fès (Hassan Ier Al-Hajam)
927 - 938: Governorship of the dynasty Idrissides (Period of disorders and anarchy)
938 - 949: Al-Qâsim Kannûn Ben Ibrâhîm
949 - 954: Abû Al `Aych Ahmad Ben Al-Qâsim Kannûn
954 - 974: Al-Hassan Ben Kannûn (Hassan II)
974 - 985: Al-Hassan Ben Kannûn (Hassan II) in exile since 974 until 985, date on which last prince Idrisside, was assassinated on the orders of the Omeyyades de Cordoue.

Source

Books

Charles-Andre Julien, History of, origin North Africa with 1830 , original edition 1931, Payot republication, Paris, 1994

External bond

Idrissides in the Maghreb
Kings, Emirs and Sultans.

See too

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