Ibrahim Pasha

Ibrahim Pasha (Arab: ابراهيمباشا) (1789 - November 10th 1848) is an Egyptian general , wire adoptive of Mehemet Ali, the viceroy of Egypt. Ibrahim directed the country of July to the November 10th 1848. It is the father of Ismaïl Pasha.

Its youth

Ibrahim Pasha was born in the town of origin from her father, Kavala in Eastern Macedonia.

In 1805, at the sixteen years age, when his/her father reaches the station of viceroy of Egypt, it is retained prisoner by an Othoman admiral. Ibrahim finds freedom when his/her father successfully pushes back the attempt at invasion of the the United Kingdom in Egypt carried out by the general Alexander Mackenzie-Fraser.

In 1813, Ibrahim controls Egypt temporarily when his/her father leaves in Arabia to fight the wahhabites. In 1816, it succeeds his/her Toussoun brother at the post of commander of the Egyptian army of Arabia. He was freemason.

Countryside against the wahhabites

With the assistance of the French colonel Joseph Anthelme Sap, it introduces the European discipline into the Egyptian army. The countryside against the wahhabites lasted nearly two years, it was completed with the political destruction of the wahhabites.

It unloaded with Yanbu, the port of Médine the September 30th 1816. The Holy Cities had been recovered by the wahhabites, and the mission of Ibrahim was to recover the Holy Cities of the Islam and to pursue the wahhabites in the desert of the Nejd.

The formation which received the Egyptian army as their armament their made it possible to have a military superiority without equal on the wahhabites. However the conquest of Arabia was very hard, because of the crossing of the desert of Deraiya, bastion wahhabite, but also because of the courage of the wahhabites which did not fear to die.

Ibrahim was tough sharing with her army the difficulties and while not letting himself discourage by her failures. Towards the end of the year 1818, it forced the chief of Wahhabites, the Imam Soulaymân small son of Mouhammad ibn 'Abdelwahhâb, to go, thus taking Deraiya. He assassinated the Soulaymân Imam while ordering with his army to draw above all to him at the same time.

Operation in Morée

The December 11th 1819, it enters triumphantly to the Cairo. After her return, Ibrahim asks colonel Sève (Soliman Pasha) to reform the army on the European model. In 1824, Mehemet Ali is named governor of Morée by the Othoman sultan, Mahmud II. Mahmud II wished to have the assistance of the Egyptian army in the Guerre of Greek independence (1821 - 1832).

Ibrahim is sent in Peloponnese with a squadron and an army of 17.000 men. Forwarding leaves for the Greece the July 4th 1824, but during several months forwarding and in the incapacity to further go that the Crete or the island of Rhodes. By fear of the Greek Brûlot S the boats stop in Morée. The February 26th 1825, after the revolt of Greek sailors for the delay of the payment of their wages, Ibrahim unloads in Modon. It remains in Morée until October 1828, awaiting the intervention of the western powers in this war.

The operations of Ibrahim in Morée were wild, it has easily demolishes the Greeks and it manages the April 24th 1826 to put an end to the Siège of Missolonghi which cost the life many soldiers Turkish and Egyptians. Greek insurrectionists badgered his army and by revenge it destroyed the country and sent thousands of Greeks in Egypt to be used as slaves. These measurements made indignant the European powers, the France, the the United Kingdom and the Russia which leagued to demolish the Egyptians. After the Battle of Navarin the October 20th 1827, gained by Europeans, the Expédition of Morée, carried out by France forces it to capitulate and it leaves the country on October 1st 1828.

Countryside of Syria

The Othoman government, jealous of its successes tried to prevent its troops from turning over to Egypt. The English who had met it in Navarin it had described like an obese man infected and marked by the Variole. Hoping for independence even the autonomy of Egypt, his/her father Mehemet Ali quarrels with the Ottoman Empire and orders with his/her son to release Egypt. They adhered fully to a project of a nation which would gather all the Arab of Egypt to the Mésopotamie.

In Syria it beats the Turks, it releases Damas the May 27th 1832, demolishes the Othoman army with Homs the July 8th, it still beats the Othoman army with Beilan the July 29th, then it invades the Anatolia and takes Konya the December 21st.

After its countryside it remains in Syria where he becomes governor. After the end of the treaty of Koutaieh, it sends its army to go on Istanbul. But its soldiers were obliged to fold up itself when the British and the Autrichiens not wanting to see a Arab Monde independent of the Ottoman Empire decide to help the Othomans to get rid of the Egyptian forces. It is in the obligation to leave the country in February 1841.

Its death

In 1846, it paid a visit in Western Europe where it was received with respect. When his/her father became senile, Ibrahim was appointed regent (July 1848). With its death, of phthisy the November 10th 1848, it is replaced by Abbas famous near to the British who opposed the idea of Ibrahim to build a modern State in Egypt.

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