Iberian peninsula

The Iberian peninsula is the Péninsule with the south-western point of the Europe.

Geography

It is surrounded by the Mediterranean in the east and south-east, the Atlantic Ocean in south-west, the west and the North-West, and the the Pyrenees in the North-East which separate the Spain from the France. It currently includes/understands:

Andorra
Spain
Portugal
Gibraltar (British Territory of overseas located at the south of the Andalusia, close to the southern point).
France (Cerdagne French, in the department of the the Eastern Pyrenees)

The Straits of Gibraltar separates the peninsula from the Morocco by 14 kilometers.

The culminating point of the Iberian peninsula is the Mulhacén (3482m) located at the south in the solid mass of the Sierra Nevada (Andalusia).

History

See also: Prehistory of the Iberian peninsula, Protohistoire of Celtibères

Its first known inhabitants were the Ibères. Then the Carthaginian and the Romains occupied successively the peninsula, naming it Hispanie .

With the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths settled in the peninsula, then fore-mentioned Bétique before being about it driven out by the Moors, which them name it Pays of Al-Andalûs .

With the the Middle Ages, the peninsula was divided into many parcelled out States, the Taifa S Moslem side, and small Christian kingdoms in north. During seven centuries, the coveted peninsula will be an important center of Moslem culture, until the fall of Grenade in 1492.

A linguistic richness

Languages by State

Spain

the Spanish or Castilian, official
the Catalan or català , Co-official in Catalonia

the Valencian or valencià , Co-official in the the autonomous Community of Valence

the Basque or will euskara , Co-official in the Pays Basque and certain zones of the Navarre
the Galician or gallego , Co-official in Galicia
the aranés Aranais or , Co-official in the comarque one of the Val of Aran (Catalonia)
the Bable or Asturien, nonofficial but recognized.
the Aragonese or aragonés , not-official, spoken in north about the Aragon

Portugal

the Portuguese, official
the Mirandais or mirandesa , nonofficial but recognized. Dialect of the Asturien spoken in to Miranda C Douro and Vimioso.

Andorra

the Catalan , official
the French, the Spanish or the Portuguese are also included/understood by most of the population.

Gibraltar

the English, official
the Llanito , nonofficial, mixture of English and Spanish.

See too

Internal bonds

political States of Europe:

Andorra
Spain
the United Kingdom (Gibraltar)
Portugal

In Geography of Europe: Peninsula Italian

For other charts on the Iberian peninsula : to see Geography of Al-Andalus.

List of the Latin names of the cities of the Iberian peninsula

Be-X-old: Пірэнэйскаяпаўвыспа Simple: Iberian Peninsula Zh-classical: 伊比利半島 Zh-min-nan: Iberia Poàn-tó

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