Iakov Sverdlov

Iakov Mikhaïlovitch Sverdlov (ЯковМихайловичСвердлов) of its true name Iankel Solomon , born the May 22nd 1885 with Nijni-Novgorod and dead the March 16th 1919 was a Révolutionnaire and Russian politician of origin Juive.

Biography

His/her father is engraver. He is still student when he adheres to the Social democrat Working Parti of Russia in 1902. He is of tendency Bolshevik, like Lénine and takes part in the Révolution of 1905. Stopped in 1906, imprisoned during 3 years, as of its coming out of prison, it takes again its activity of agitator what is worth a new arrest to him and the deportation in Siberia. He escapes in 1910, is taken again, condemned to four years of prison, still tries several times to escape. He there arrives at the autumn 1912, and goes to Saint-Pétersbourg where he starts to work for the Pravda . Denounced, it is stopped and sent again in Siberia.

It is released after the Révolution of February 1917 and the abdication of Nicolas II. It turns over to Saint-Pétersbourg where it becomes one of the principal persons in charge of the party, member of the Central committee, and with Lénine one of the hottest partisans of the armed insurrection whom was to concretize the Révolution of October. It is implied enormously in its organization, constituting with Stalin, Dzerjinski, Ouritsky and Boubnov the revolutionary Military committee which directs the operations successfully from there. In November 1917, it replaces Kamenev at the position of president of the central Executive committee (Head of the State).

It is one of the main actors of the liquidation of the constituent assembly, and the request for peace separated with the Germany. In spite of its youth, it can pass for the potential successor of Lénine. In the night of the 16 to the July 17th 1918, a team of the secret police Bolshevik, ordered by Iakov Iourovski, carries out the tsar Nicolas II and all his family with Iekaterinbourg. It seems that it is Sverdlov which gave the order of it.

In 1919, during the civil war, it traverses the country to engage the population against the white armies. It is victim of an epidemic and dies in Oriol. To honor its memory, the Soviets gave in 1924 the name of Sverdlovsk to Iekaterinbourg. The city found its old name in 1991.

See too

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