IIe front century J. - C.

III | II |

See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ----

Events

America

Development of Teotihuacán to the Mexico.
Assembles Albán, in Oaxaco (Mexico), account to 16.000 inhabitants.

Civilization Nazca on the southern part of the Peru. It continues the local fine fabric and ceramics traditions. The ceramics, painted before cooking, shows animals, birds, plants but also of the cut human heads and bodies decapitated, reasons which one finds on mysterious alignments of Nazca.

Occupation of Tiahuanaco close to the Lake Titicaca by the Aymara S.

Southeast Asia

the last wave of Malayan emigration in Indonesia introduces tools and weapons of iron. The Malais practice the navigation of islands in islands, and mingle with older people (Négritos, Veddas).
the populations indonésiennes which result from the interbreeding between the Malais and people older

are varied by the physical types and the languages but have an entity of civilization and religion. They work metals (gold, copper, bronze and iron), know the art of weaving and of the pottery, the irrigation and rice growing practice. They live in well built houses of wood, sometimes richly carved. This civilization pre-Hindu woman develops with Sumatra, Java, Bali and on the littoral and the plains accessible by the rivers from Kalimantan.

Oceania

the Marquesas Islands are occupied by colonists Lapita.

Africa

Trace of metallurgy of iron in the valley of the Niger.
Marketing of the East-African Ivory.
the scribes of Méroé give up the hiéroglyphes and the Egyptian language to invent an alphabet of twenty-three signs and to write in their own language, which is unknown for us.

World hellenistic

In Egypt, Dynasty of Ptolémées
Revolts in Egypt.

the Greeks of Bactriane build a hellenistic city planned, on the old site of Bagram located on the Silk route, to 80 km in the north of current the Kabul.

Roman world

the Roman République extends all around the the Mediterranean.

Celtic world

the Arvernes unify almost all the Gaulle but will be driven back in the Massif Central at the time of the constitution of the province of Narbonnaise by Rome in -120.

3rd siècle/2e century front century J. - C.: apogee of the Oppida of Provence and of the Languedoc.
Ramparts of Glanum (Saint-Rémy-of-Provence). Under the impulse of Marseilles, a beautiful city develops on an indigenous site grouped around a sanctuary of water (houses of style délien, temple, nymphée monumental high around the miraculous fountain, marble reliefs).
Oppidum of Heidengraben, close to largest Ulm, of Europe with 1662 ha.
the Helvètes are established in Germany South then in Suisse (first century BC).

Homogeneity of the style of British Celtic art at the 2nd century (sleeves of swords and large shields).

Eastern Europe

the Sarmates invade the Scythie and the Greek colonies of the Black Sea (v. -200).
the Scythes are then confined with the the Crimea around their recent capital of Néapolis and on the lower courses of the Dniepr and the Boug. They besiege on several occasions then take the Greek colony of Olbia.
the Scythians are hellénisent, given up the wandering life and continue a profitable trade with the world hellenistic (corn, salted fish, salt, meats, wools, skins, furs but also gold of the Altaï and amber of the Caspienne against luxury articles and wines of great wine).

Scandinavia

Culture Saami in Lapland (-200/1700). It adopts bronze and the moulds, then iron. The released sacrificial sites give many objects of metal: currencies, pins, rings and crucifix coming from Russia, the Baltic and Europe. The vestiges saami are characterized by the decoration engraved on ceramics, wood, the tine and the bone. The shamanism is the most current religious practice, and the Chaman S have special burials, with the ritual objects of their function (drums). The bear is regarded as crowned and the animal is killed and consumed during a true ceremony. Sacrifices of animals take place close to trees or strange stones.

Significant characters

Pharaons of Egypt:

Ptolémée V (Epiphane) (204 ~ 180)
Ptolémée VI (Philométor) (180 ~ 145)
Ptolémée VII (Euphator) (145 ~ 144)
Ptolémée VIII (Physcon) (145 ~ 116)
Ptolémée IX (116 ~ 107)
Ptolémée X (107 ~ 88)

Hipparque, astronomer and mathematician.
Diodore of Tyr, philosophizes peripatetician.
Apollodore of Athens, grammairien.

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

probable Use of the Buffalo like draft animal in Southeast Asia (rice plantations).
the use of iron is spread towards Borneo and Palawan.
the practice of agriculture very quickly diffuses in all the Japan of the West.
Towards -200, the know-how of the Japanese potters leads to the creation of ceramics to the fine and smooth walls.
the navigator Eudoxe of Cyzique goes twice in India and would have made the turn of the Africa, of the Persian Gulf with Gadès.
Invention of the mortar.
Introduction of the use of the Parchment.

Art & culture

Alignments of Nazca: immense channels drawing of the geometrical and animalist reasons in the desert plains of the southernmost Peru.

Statues of marble in erotic matter (Venus with the Toilet, the god Side and a Goat). Beautiful young man of Agde. Rebuilding of the Palestre of Olympie. Construction of the Bouleutèrion of Priène (room of the council) at the beginning of the century.

Development of the worship of Isis (universal goddess) and of the Egyptian gods in Greece (Attic, Eubée, Béotie, Délos, Théra, Thessalie, Macedonia) and in Minor Asia (Smyrna, Éphèse, Magnesia of the Meander, Priène).

Art gréco-Scythian, which works primarily metals to decorate men and horses. Animalist art evolves/moves more and more towards the human representations and of the scenes of mythology.

In Palestine, development of the apocalyptic literature by confrontation with the hellenism (2nd siècleav. J. - C. /2e century): the book of Enoch, Daniel, the Will of the Twelve Patriarchs, Rollers of the Dead Sea, the Apocalypse of Abraham…

Beats-smg: II omžios pr. Mr. E. Nds-nl: 2nd eeuw v. Chr.

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