III | II |

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Years -290 | Years -280 | Years -270 | Years -260 | Years -250
Years -240 | Years -230 | Years -220 | Years -210 | Years -200

See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ----

Events

Americas

  • Rise of Maya civilization . Construction of the first pyramids.

Asia & Indian world

Central Asia

  • Beginnings of the age of iron in Mongolia at the 3rd century. The objects of iron found in the tombs with flagstones show that the expansion of the ironwork was done gradually towards the south of the Lac Baïkal.
  • Emergence of an aristocracy of the steppe in Mongolia. Certain collective forms of the exercise of the capacity remain in parallel, like the assembly of the chiefs of clan.

China

  • Construction of defensive walls in the north of Qin, Yan and Zhao. King de Zhao strengthens by a wall his border in the north of the loop of the Ordos against the incursions of the nomads. The kingdom of Yan builds of them a little of time afterwards in the Manchu plain, that of Qin in -270.
  • Wangcheng, capital of the Zhou reaches 250.000 inhabitants at the end of the century.

  • Irrigation of the 16.000 km ² of the plain of Chengdu (Sichuan) by Li Bing, governor Qin in the state of Shu, recently conquered (-316). This system, which protects the plain from the floods by dam which diverts the course of the Minjiang in a throat dug through a mountain, functions still nowadays.

Japan

  • Beginning of the era of the pottery with the turn with the Japan (Period Yayoi, -300/300).
  • the populations of the Bronze Age and iron in Japan fall under a total whole of population of Eastern northern Asia (China, Korea, Mandchourie, Taiwan).

Nepal

  • the Nepal is controlled with by the dynasty Tibetan of the Kiratas, under which Buddhism is introduced. The Lichhavi succeed to them and reign on the central valley until the 8th century.

Vietnam

  • Kingdom of With-Lake, founded with, of which there remains no trace.

The Middle East

  • the happy Arabia is made of four independent Semitic kingdoms: kingdom of Minéens, Sabéens, Cattabaniens and Chatramotites. They largely live trade of aromatics with the Greek world (Encens, Myrrhe, grooves, etc).

North Africa

  • As of the 3rd century, in the west of the Carthaginian territory, of powerful kingdoms Berbères is constituted, if one judge some by the importance of the monuments built at that time, such Medracen close to Batna and the tomb known as of the Christian woman, close to Tipaza. These kingdoms are composed by large wandering tribes which move with huts (mapalia) assembled on wheels.

ancient Egypt

Europe

Western Europe

Mediterranean Europe

Eastern Europe

Significant characters

  • ancient Egypt
    • Ptolémée Ier Soter (305 ~ 285)
    • Ptolémée II Philadelphe (285 ~ 246)
    • Ptolémée III Evergète (246 ~ 222)
    • Ptolémée IV Philopator (222 ~ 205)
    • Ptolémée V Epiphane (204 ~ 180)
  • India

Economy & Company

  • Rise of a vast international business and advent in the Hellénistique world of a capitalist upper middle class (bankers, farmers general, ship-owners, tradesmen). The Greece does not play any more one central role (only Rhodos, then Délos and Corinthe have an international importance). The techniques of navigation improve, and the kingdoms hellenistic obtain large commercial ports, maintain and build roads and channels. The currency spreads, even at the barbarians (Arab, Parthes, Thrace S, Celtes, Ibères, Romains). Banks are necessary for the exchange and the loan to interest. They private (Athenians expatriates), are managed by cities (Milet) or temples (Éphèse, Sardes, Délos…), of State (Egypt Lagide).
  • the activity concentrates in Asia Mineure, Syria and Egypt. It relates to initially the food products (corn of Egypt, wine and olive oil of Greece and of Anatolia, hazel nuts of the Bridge, etc) and the raw materials (wood, iron, metals). Then circulate of the manufactured goods of good quality (ceramic mégarienne, metal vases, bronzes of art, ex-voto, jewels, fabrics and carpet of luxury). The traffic of the slaves is considerable. The conquest of the East allows finally the arrival on the Mediterranean of native products of Black Africa, Arabia and the Indies (ivory, spice, incense, perfumes, pearls, stones invaluable). The strong demand of these luxury items causes a hemorrhage of cash (gold and money) which will perdurera until the end of the Romain Empire.
  • the trade of Carthage begins again with the Egypt Lagide, Rhodos and the Campanie. It exchanges products manufactured Greek against foodstuffs of the Maghreb and ores imported by the remote trade with the Black Africa (gold of the placers of Gambia) or British Isles (tin).

Art & culture

  • Drafting of the book of Tobit.

  • Enclosed Belgian or Picardy.

  • “Cups with the rainbow”, named thus by the peasants of the 18th century who will discover them at the time of the gullying of their fields by strong rains (Germany of the south, Suisse). They are gold currencies of convex forms struck by the Boïens of magic reasons (three globules, torque at overshot ends), which undoubtedly had a value of offering rather than economic.

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

Americas

  • Maya Written form .

Asia

  • In China, LI If, first mnistre of Qin Shi Huang, coordinates all the writings used in China, which gives the Idéogramme S of style Petit Zhuan (221 av. JC).

  • From 206 av. JC, the writing of the scribes, Li Shou, develops to meet the need for treatment of increasing quantities of documents.
  • In China, the copper coin replaces the old types definitively. The coins in bored disc are practical at the time of the voyages because they can be threaded on a cord.
  • With begins the “agricultural” Japan (time Yayoi) enriched by a series of spectacular contributions come from the continent: the turn of the potter, bronze, stone finely polished and especially rice growing, with the practices of irrigation. Rice growing develops in the west (Kansai) and largely uses wood tools. In the east (Kantô), where the cereals are cultivated in dry ground, one makes use of stone tools and metal.

Africa

  • Diffusion of iron in Egypt.
  • the farmers of civilization Nok (Nigeria) are the first of Western Africa to knowing to treat the lateritic iron ores very abundant in the area (towards -300 or -200). The use remains about it however enough limited, and populates it of Nok still uses polished stone axes. The assumption according to which the people of Nok would have discovered without outside assistance the manner of treating the iron ores is probable, but the influence of Méroé cannot be completely isolated, of the contacts existing between nilotic Sudan and Chadian Sudan.

Europe

  • Appearance of Celtic coining.
  • the doctor and anatomist Hérophile of Calcédoine draws up a general table of the nervous system, showing the role of the spinal-cord and the brain. He studies the eye and the optical nerve. He establishes the diagnosis by the pulse. Its rival Érasistrate of Céos specializes in the study of circulation and founds truly the Physiologie. He would have distinguished the motor nerves and sensitive.

Beats-smg: III omžios pr. Mr. E. Be-X-old: 3 стагодзьдзедан. э. Nds-nl: 3rd eeuw v. Chr.

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