Hypermarket
A hypermarket is a Retail business of big size (minimal commercial surface of 2500 m ² in France), selling at the same time food products and nonfood. It is characterized by a rate of margin reduced, prices moderate and has a structure of cost optimized compared to other forms of trade of more reduced size (supermarkets, mini-markets, grocers,…). For INSEE, the hypermarket must carry out more than one third of its turnover in the food one.
Established on a level, and generally located in periphery of the cities, the hypermarket proposes a vast set of goods including nonAliment surfaces, in Libre-service, unlike the stores Hardware-discount, which reduce their choice to the maximum in order to more strongly reduce the prices.
The concept
The hypermarket is a prolongation on large scales of the Supermarché S, born in the years 1930 with the the United States, and established in continental Europe in the years 1950.Beyond the size of the sales area and width of the set suggested (food and not-food under the same roof), the appearance of the hypermarket also gives to the foreground the low prices, preached by Edouard Leclerc since 1949 but been sulky by the first supermarkets.
The first hypermarket was created in France in the Parisian suburbs, with Holy-Genevieve-of-Wood (the Essonne), by Carrefour in 1963.
Located in periphery, it offered a vast set food and not-food in Libre-service, had of vast a Parking and a Station-service where the prices of the Carburant S were competitive.
The development of the hypermarket was related to the Démocratisation of the Automobile.
The other signs will encase then the step:
- with the store E.Leclerc of Landerneau, in 1964,
- with Super Suma with Montfermeil in Paris region, open in January 1967 by Docks of France,
- with Mammoth with Barberey-Saint-Sulpice close to Troyes (Paddle) in 1966,
- with Auchan with Roncq in the Northern in 1967,
- with Rally with Brest in 1968,
- with Cora with Garges-lès-Gonesse in 1969,
- with Giant Casino in 1970 with Unintermitting Marseilles,
- and with with the Ormesson-on-Marne (the Valley-of-Marne) by Promodès in 1972.
The term “hypermarket” was invented in 1966 by Jacques Pictet, creator of the specialized magazine LSA (Self-service Current events) and former executive of the Paridoc purchasing group.
The great innovation of this type of store appeared in France in 1963, but largely inspired by Bernardo Trujillo. The main features of the hypermarket are:
- the Self-service,
- the generalized use of the carriages;
- the presence of a Carpark and a service station (taken into account of the size of the market radius and use of the car),
- vast a Set food and nonfood,
- and a Rate of mark tiny room on all the set: sold volumes compensate for the margin.
Hypermarkets in France
See also: Sector of large the distribution#Le sector of large distribution in France, Large distribution in France
At January 1st, 2006, 1372 hypermarkets are present in Metropolitan France. It is difficult to separate the hypermarkets from the supermarkets insofar as majority of the signs of supermarkets (Intermarket, Champion, Super U…) stores of more than 2500 m ² develop today. The specialists in the kind remain nevertheless the large operators hypers (+ of 8000 m ²): Auchan, Crossroads, Cora, E. Leclerc and Géant Casino.
Principal Québécois signs
- Maximum ; Maximum & Co.
- Costco
- Super C
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