Hygiene

The hygiene is a set of measures intended to prevent the Infection S and the appearance of infectious illness. It is based primarily on three actions:

  • cleaning and the Detersion;
  • the Disinfection;
  • the Conservation.

One also speaks about “hygiene about life”, “food hygiene” and of “mental hygiene” for actions and activities allowing to prevent the appearance of disorders, like the practice of a Sport, the abstention to smoke or of to drink alcohol…

" Hygiene vitale" corresponds to the preventive branch of the naturopathy (see this word) i.e. to education with health. Its principles aim to harmonize and optimize the functions on all plans (healthy food, good management of the stress, physical-activities individualized, natural eliminations, sleep of quality, etc), like supporting the contacts with the " natural agents of the biological environment humain" (environment: air, ground, water, light, trees, etc)

" Hygiene préventive" declines itself according to the O.M.S. in three classes of prevention: Primary prevention (education with health, role of the experts of health naturopathes) Secondary prevention (campaigns of information, tracking, vaccinations,…) Tertiary prevention (accompaniment of heavy pathologies to avoid the secondary or associated disorders of them)

History

See also: Hygiene under ancient Rome

The word hygiene drift of the name of the Greek Goddess Hygie, which was the goddess of the Santé and the Propreté. Girl of Asclépios, the god of medicine, Hygie symbolizes the prevention whereas his/her sister Panacée is the goddess healer connected to the medical care and the drugs. In the ancient Greece and the ancient Rome, hygiene is symbol of health and concretizes for example by the frequentation of the public baths. The medicinal gymnastics was invented by the doctor Hérodicus de Lentini who had noted the beneficial effects of the physical exercise on health. It was also recommended by Hippocrates.

With the the Middle Ages, the public baths become gradually badly attended places. But it is starting from the Renaissance that one flees water, marked to transmit diseases by opening the pores of the skin and thus the organization, with the harmful action of all the diseases. By softening the skin, one believes to make our protection weaker against all the infections. The Parfum S camouflage bad the Odeur S and are used as Disinfecting S.

At the 19th century, the thermal springs are famous for health. Louis Pasteur develops a theory of the germs according to which certain diseases are caused by Micro-organisme S. the Scientifique S and Médecin S makes recommendations like the washing of the Main S and the daily toilet with water and the Savon. The end of the century marks the beginning of the bathrooms and the toilets in the residences.

Stakes

Hygiene is an public health issue, the access to an environment (water, air, ground, ecosystems) clean and healthy being a condition first bearable development. The access to drinking water was recognized in particular to the top of the ground of Johannesburg like a major stake for the 21e century. This also passes by a reduction and good management of the Déchet S and substances potentially Toxique S or Contaminant be.

In a mondialized context, where the disease risk Nosocomiale and/or emergent grows, the measurements barriers of hygiene (use of the Préservatif, hygiene, Forty S) become essential and even crucial in the event of beginning of epidemic or Pandémie (AIDS, Tuberculose, Grippe, etc). Hygiene thus remains a central stake of education, whereas various studies show that too many nurses and doctors do not wash enough the hands or do not comply with certain enough basic rules. The same applies to the trades of the restoration, agroalimentary, cleaning, etc

Cleaning and detersion

The goal of cleaning is to remove the undesirable matters, of which in particular the organic matter (of which the grease S) or the matters mineral (of which limestone or tartar), which can themselves contain micro-organisms; cleaning or disinfection also makes it possible to remove certain micro-organisms. Detersion (detergency) is the action of cleaning which consists in removing the stains which adhere to the object or living tissue.

Cleaning in general utilizes 4 parameters: a mechanical action (pressure of water, to rub…), chemical (dissolution of certain matters of which greases), the temperature of water being used for dilution of the solution and finally time of action of the detergent “ring of Sinner or CINER”.

The method and the product to be used depend on nature of the stain and brittleness on the subject on cleaning; for the personal hygiene, one employs in general tepid Eau without pressure or low pressure and of the Savon, but for instruments, one can use more aggressive methods.

Cleaning and detersion have only one temporary action.

Disinfection and sterilization

Disinfection consists to kill, eliminate or inactiver the micro-organisms (parasite S, Bactérie S) or the undesirable Virus according to a given objective (for example to decrease the quantity of such or such organization in lower part of a fixed threshold).

When disinfection relates to a living tissue, one speaks about antisepsy; when it relates to material of care, one speaks about decontamination.

The antisepsy and disinfection have an action limited in time.

Sterilization consists in eliminating from the material the totality of the micro-organisms, and conditioning this material to maintain this state of sterility (see also the article Microbiologie > sterilization).

Methods used

chemical, Temperature and Pressure (Hermetically-sealed Pasteurization, ), Radiation S the vapor is useful particularly in the operating room suites because disinfection is quasi complete.

Conservation

Physical barrier (bagging, experiment of Pasteur), vacuum packaging, cold

See too

External bonds

  • Course of hygiene of food, poly 26 p. illustrated, Prof Corpet, National school veterinary surgeon de Toulouse 2006.
  • audio Book (reading mp3) of the incipit of the book of Georges Vigarello, the characteristic and salts it, the hygiene of the body since the Middle Ages
  • Désinfection of the ambulances
    • Hygiène of the medical freight vehicles, CHU of Lyon (document pdf, 30p, 1,9 Mo)
    • Protocoles of hygiene and disinfection of the VSAV of the Sdis - 54
  • Qualitionnaire - legal and normative Definitions - Good practices of Hygiene (BPH)

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