Human fecal matter

The human fecal matter or the human saddles or the deposit human differ largely from appearance, according to the state of the whole of the digestive Système, which undergoes itself the influence of the Régime and the Santé. Normally, they semi-solid and are coated with Mucus. Small pieces of saddles harder, less wet can be encrusted in the end Distal E (what is normal when a peristaltic Mouvement of the colon is incomplete, and that deposit turn over Rectum towards the Intestin, where water is absorbed).

The first saddles of a Nouveau-né are called the Méconium.

Composition

The composition of the saddles varies with the food mode.

The saddles are made up to water 75%. This percentage knows variations; the Diarrhée is characterized by a proportion of more important water. The longer the intestines are, the more the saddles are low in water. Among the 25% remainders, 1/3 (that is to say 1/12 of totality) corresponds to dead bacteria and 1/3 with not digested food, like the cellulose.

The fecal electrolytes are measured by bringing back their concentration 1 liter from “fecal water”. the normal saddles contain only 20 to water 25%. Potassium is the principal ion of the saddles: any diarrhea is accompanied by a Potassium loss. The intestine secretes albumin but this one is digested and does not find itself in the saddles. One finds some enzymes still active in the saddles, like the chymotrypsine and of many Bacteria of the intestinal flora. When fecal greases exceed 5 g/24h one speaks about stéatorrhée. When the fecal Nitrogen exceeds 1,5 g/24h one speaks about créatorrhée. Stéatorrhée and créatorrhée is the signs of an insufficient digestion

Elimination of the human saddles

Hand articles: Toilet, Latrine, Sewage. -->

The problem of the effective elimination of the saddles arises with the first sedentary populations , in particular for constraints of cleanliness and odor. The Toilettes were known in the old India. The first vestiges go back to 2500 av. J.C in the Roman Empire, in Egypt and China.

With the wire of time, it appeared that the elimination of the saddles was a problem of Hygiène, since the excrements take part in the propagation of the diseases and the intestinal parasitic . It is a subject of attention and education in the countries in the process of development.

Until the end of the XIXe Century, the first problem was the withdrawal of waste of the inhabited places. It was then usual to use the currents of water or great quantities of water where this waste could not be neutralized naturally. But with the growth of the population this solution was not viable any more, and of the specific process of evacuation became a paramount need. It is particularly a problem in the countries where the water resources are weak.

Dry toilets

The dry toilets start to develop with the beginning of XXIe century. They consist of sawdust which is deposited before and after the use of the toilets. This is enough to absorb the odors. The receptacle containing deposit them is removable thus allowing to profit from their properties for the gardening or combustion.

Tourism

Natural reserve organizations, parks, and Tourist agencies often resulting regulations for tourists aimed At the natural prevention off the pollution off the. In particular, catholes ( cat holes ), i.e., pits for deposit, must Be located At has reasonable distance (At least 60 m) off from toilets sources (rivers, lakes, etc), to avoid possible bacterial contamination toilets via Precipitation, ace well ace away from trails. For faster deposit decomposition, organic soil is preferred for has mineral (Sandy) one. It is also recommended to avoid concentration off catholes around campsites. Filled catholes must Be covered with has reasonably thick to off bush-hammer soil, to prevent access by animals, nap off which are Coprophagous.

Summon areas require special instructions one human waste disposal. In rocky places, with the absence off soil, it is advised to spread deposit thinly by smearing over rock'n'rolls with good sun access for faster sterilization by UV radiation and drying. In larger snow fields, larger distance (e.g., 200 m) has from trails and campsites may Be mandated, yew the waste is being disposed under snow. -->

Examinations of laboratory of the saddles

In the medical profession, deposit are referred to ace stools . Anglo-Saxon This comes from the Word stol , which means " seat". The Word stool was originally used to describe the seat one sat one to defecate. So, year Euphemism was that they were " going to stool". By the end off the 16th century, the Word stool was used to mean the same thing ace deposit.

Deposit will usually Be required for microbiological testing, looking for intestinal year Pathogen.

Biochemical tests gives one deposit include Fecal elastase and Fecal conceited person measurements, ace well fecal ace tests for occult blood.

It is recommended that the clinician correlate the symptoms and submit specimens according to laboratory guidelines to obtain results that significant are clinically. Give Formed stools often C not satisfactory results and suggest little off actual pathologic conditions.

Three hand standards off microbiological tests are commonly gives one deposit:

standard Antibody-antigen tests, that look for has specific virus (e.g Rotavirus).
Microscopic examination for Intestinal parasite S and to their Ova (eggs).
Routine culture.

Routine culture involves streaking the sample onto additive Agar punt S containing special, such ace MacConkey' S Agar, that will inhibit the growth off Gram-positive organisms and will selectively allow Enteric pathogens to grow, and incubating them for has period, and observing the bacterial colonies that cuts grown.

Yellowing off deposit edge Be caused by year infection known ace Giardia , has tiny parasitic organism. Yew Giardia repugnant the internal it edge causes severe yellow Diarrhea. This has dangerous communicable infection and must Be reported.

Another causes yellowing is off has condition known ace Gilbert' S Syndrome. This condition is characterized by Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia. Hyperbilirubinemia occurs when too much present Bilirubin is in the circulating blood.

Deposit edge Be black present yew dried blood is in them from has bleed. More activates bleeding edge lead deposit to Be red in color, signaling has need for medical attention.

In children with certain illnesses, deposit edge Be blue gold green. Eating green gold leafy food edge turn deposit green. Babies also produce green deposit when they are given food for the first time.

Broad Food with amounts off Food color edge cause deposit to Be colored.

The hand pathogens that are commonly looked for in deposit include:

Salmonella and Shigella
Yersinia (this tighten to Be incubated At 30 °C, which is cooler than usual.)
Campylobacter (incubated At 42 °C, in has special environment.)
Aeromonas
Candida (yew the person is immunosuppressed e.g cancer treatment.)
E. coli O157 (visible yew blood is in the stool sample.)

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See too

External bonds

the article of Ekopedia on the dry toilets

Sanitation. Instructions from National Olympic Park.

Spleen My Poo. Year excel website, with great pictures off poop.

The Scoop one Poop. Year FAQ one poop.

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