Human Cranium

At the Vertebrate S, the Crâne is the upper part of the Squelette. It is primarily intended to protect the brain. It rests on the cervical rachis via the atlas or Vertèbre C1, and maintenance into former the facial Massif. At the Man, the unit composed by the head and cranium approximately a eighth of the weight of the body represents and is the most solid part of the body. If the human cranium is only one osseous box intended to protect the brain, it is a box which could evolve/move during the last million years.

Characteristics

So movements are possible in the infant whose Fontanelle S are not welded, they are null in the adult and the movements of cranium are those of the head and due to the cervical vertebrae which allow:

the anterograde Rotation and retrogresses on the couple atlas/axis;
the inflection S former, posterior and side right and left.

Description

The cranium, or brain-pan, includes/understands two parts:

the floor (or cranium bases), finished by the occiput behind and the jawbone ahead. It is pierced with 12 holes letting pass the 12 pairs (right and left) of cranial nerves;

the vault, made of osseous plates, welded between them by syndesmophytes (extremely solid interdigitées weldings).

Like the brain, schematically, the vault includes/understands four parts or poles:

frontal or rather fronto-orbital, with before (formed of the bone frontal, ethmoïde, sphénoïde and bored hollow pneumatic cavities: sines);
parietal right and left, laterally (parietal bone) forming the temples, zones most fragile of this box;
occipital with the back (occipital bone).

Bones of cranium

Only two bones of the head do not form part of cranium:

the Os hyoïde, in front of the opening of the trachea
the mandible or lower maxilla or jaw lower.

Os of structure

The structural bones are nine:

frontal bone, face and orbital vault;
occipital, back Os and bases cranium;
Os Parietal, two. Top of the skull and side parts the top of cranium;
Temporal; two. Located under parietal they are the most fragile bones of cranium, because thinnest;

These bones are broad, flat or convex.

Sphénoïde, bases cranium,
Ethmoïde, between the orbits takes part in the former cranial pit by its blade sifted and the process crista-gali, these two structure comes to be embedded in the incisure éthmoidale frontal bone.
Jawbone, form the upper jaw.

These last three and the frontal contain the sines: hollow spaces filled of air (pneumatic spaces).

Os functional

or small bones, of variable number, it are:

Os lachrymal (inside the orbits)
Vomer (in the nasal cavity)
Os palatine (vault of the osseous palate)
Zygomatic (under the orbits)
bone or ossicles of the average Ear: on each side; 3 bones of hearing:

the hammer (two, Dr. and G.)
the anvil (two)
the clamp (two)

Os supernumerary or wormiens (named according to Ole WORM (1588-1654)).

Diagram

The cranium seen by the other disciplines

Anthropology

The study of craniums (in charge with science but also of legends) form an important part of this discipline.

Literature

But to tear off children with their normal activity, which is that of useless and merry agitation, to lock up them between four walls where during years one piles up to them in cranium of the abstract concepts, it is torture more masochist whom the man invented against itself. Rene Barjavel, the blue cart , p. 145, Denoël

Painting and Symbolic system

Present in certain died natures, often called vanity , the cranium symbolizes the time and the vain aspect of any human effort.

Osteopathy

The osteopaths affirm to palpate the movement of the bones of the cranium which they call inflection-extension for the central bones (occipital, sphénoïde, ethmoïde) and external rotation or intern for the peripheral bones (parietal, frontal, temporal, etc).

Osteopathic palpation also makes it possible to feel through all the body this osseous movement: it will be felt particularly on the level of the sacrum, but not only there, and this is why one will speak about therapy crânio-crowned while speaking about osteopathy in the cranial field.

http://www.osteopathie-france.com/Principes/cranien_mouvement.htm

Phrenology

Of the Greek phrenos (diaphragm; relating to the diaphragm or the spirit), the Phrénologie is the discipline which studies the shape of craniums and especially their “bumps” to define the psychological characters of this last. It rests on the belief which the conformation of cranium is correlated with physiology of the brain and on the intellectual functions of the man. Invented by François Joseph Gall, she knew her hour of glory at the 19th century. there remains especially nowadays the expression " about it; the bump of the maths".

Prehistory

The cranium being the most solid part of the human body is that which is preserved best during the centuries. And the prehistorians found old craniums several tens of million years preserved rather well.

In fact, from this point of view, the cranium can be comparable with a rock (primarily made up of Carbonate of calcium) and thus almost indestructible.

First aid

The assumption of responsibility of victims likely to present a traumatism of cranium requires to carry out and transmit a detailed specific assessment. This one will appear important for the medical assumption of responsibility of the victim and the diagnosis of its lesions. bond

Chakralogy

The cranium, sits of the thought, and thus of the supreme command, is the chief of the four centers, by which the Chakra S schematize a macrocosmic representation of the Man; three other centers being located at the base of the sternum, the navel and the sex.
Il is the same at the African ethnos group of the Bambaras.

The Death's-head is the sign to represent the products Toxique S.

See too

Anamorphosis

External bonds

See a detailed diagram of cranium.
radionatomy of cranium, L.Vivarrat-Perrin, F. Veillon Hospital of Hautepierre - Strasbourg

Simple: Skull

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