Hugo Kołłątaj

Hugo Kołłątaj , born on April 1st 1750 in Dederkały Wielkie (Volhynie) and is deceased the February 28th 1812 with Warsaw, is a writer Polish.

Militant and writer political, theorist and expert of education, philosophical, priest, ideologist of the policy of state education, it was the principal one representing Lumières in Poland.

A man with the service of the state education

From 1775, he becomes member of the Company of elementary books TKE ( Towarzystwo C Ksiąg Elementarnych ) and works with the Commission of state education KEN ( Komisja Edukacji Narodowej ). In 1783, he becomes vice-chancellor of the University of Cracow (until in 1786) which he reforms. In 1787, it is named Rapporteur ( Referendarz ) of Lithuania (until in 1791).

A patriot

During the Diet Four Years (1788 - 1792), it is one of the most remarkable representatives of the Patriots. In the letters which he addresses to Stanisław Małachowski ( Listy Anonima , 1788 - 1789) and in Prawo polityczne narodu polskiego (political right of the Polish nation, 1790), he makes the draft of a program completely changing the relationship between the landowners and the inhabitants of the cities, the Noble S and the middle-class. He supports and encourages the emancipation of the middle-class men, takes part in the drafting of the requirements of the cities and the assembly of the representatives of Warsaw (November 1789). He is in favor of a representation of the cities to the Diète. He files all the documents related to the group of the Patriots. He is one of the authors of the Constitution of May 3rd. In 1791, it is named Vice-chancelier of the kingdom (until in 1792) and is belonged to the founders and the leaders of the first political party founded in Poland ( Zgromadzenie Przyjaciół Konstytucji Rządowej ).

An insurrectionist

After the inversion of the Diet Four Years by the Russian S (war polono-Russian), it emigrates in Saxony. In 1793, it publishes a work on the genesis and the failure of the Constitution of May 3rd ( O ustanowieniu I upadku Konstytucji 3 Maja ) while working with the preparation of the insurrection. In 1794, during the insurrection, he is the author or the joint author of many insurrectionary acts like the Proclamation of Połaniec . He is member of the government of the insurrectionists, directing the department of finances. He is the chaplain of insurgent of left (the Jacobin S Polish). After the crushing of the insurrection, he is imprisoned by the Autrichien S (until in 1802).

A republican and a philosopher

After its coming out of prison, it joined the Association of the Polish republicans. It is to him interdict to take part in the public life. Starting from 1804, it is placed under a narrow police surveillance. In 1805, with Tadeusz Czacki, it found the college of Krzemieniec (Volhynie). In January 1807, it is arrested by the Russians and is imprisoned with Moscow (until May 1808). With its release, it returns in what became the Duché of Warsaw where it is to him always interdict to take part in the public life. Despite everything, in 1809, it writes a programme of rebuilding and development of Poland ( Uwagi nad tą częścią ziemi polskiej, will która od Traktatu Tylżyckiego zwać poczęto Księstwem Warszawskim ). In 1810, having joined the idea of the Physiocrat S according to which one needs a balance between the physique and morals, it builds an ethical system of and social philosophy which he presents in his work Porządek fizyczno-moralny (the physical and moral order). Then, for the first time in the Polish thought, it tries to introduce the concept of the evolution of social development ( Rozbiór krytyczny zasad historii O początkach rodu ludzkiego, czyli racjonalistycznie pojęty wstęp C historii ). It also considered the history of education and the culture in Poland ( Stan oświecenia W Polsce W ostatnich latach panowania Augusta III ). He dies in loneliness and the lapse of memory.

Principal publications

Listy Anonima (1788 - 1789)
Prawo polityczne narodu polskiego (1790)
O ustanowieniu I upadku Konstytucji 3 Maja (1793)
Uwagi nad tą częścią ziemi polskiej, will która od Traktatu Tylżyckiego zwać poczęto Księstwem Warszawskim (1809)
Rozbiór krytyczny zasad historii O początkach rodu ludzkiego, czyli racjonalistycznie pojęty wstęp C historii
Stan oświecenia W Polsce W ostatnich latach panowania Augusta III
Porządek fizyczno-moralny (1810)

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