Hugo Eberlein (born on May 4th, 1887 in Saalfeld - dubious date of the death, between 1940 and 1944), was a German Communiste.

Draftsman, Hugo Eberlein adheres in 1906 to SPD (left at the time revolutionary Marxiste). In 1914, it belongs to the minority of the SPD which refuses the world war, and in particular the vote of the appropriations of war. It joined the group of the left of the SPD, made up around Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, which publishes the Lettres of Spartacus and becomes then the League Spartakiste (Spartakusbund). Excluded from the SPD like all the opponents with the war, he is member of USPD as of his foundation in 1917.

During the German Révolution it takes part in the creation of the Communist party of Germany (KPD). In March 1919, he is delegated KPD to the congress of creation of the International Communist. Elected to vote against " creation; by in haut" a pledged structure to the new capacity of Russian State, he abstains from at the time the vote.

In April 1921 he is opposed, without success, other than Paul Levi. He itself is officially excluded from the direction of the KPD in 1929.

In 1933, the come to power of the Nazis, who prohibit the Communist parties, obliges it to be exiled in France. Decree in Strasbourg in 1935, it leaves for Switzerland, then in 1936 to the USSR. In 1937, it is stopped by the capacity Stalinist and off-set with the Gulag, where it dies (the exact date being unknown).