Housing public sector

A housing public sector (in France, Swiss Algeria and ) or dwelling with moderate rent with the Quebec (term generally shortened in the form HLM ) is a housing managed by a Organisme of housing public sector, public or deprived, which is given a partial public finance.

In 2005, France counts more than 4 million social housing (approximately 18% of the park of residences), which lodges more than 12 million people.

History (in France)

It is only gradually that the contract of housing of the workmen, whose industrial revolution of second half of the 19th century exploded the request, was dissociated from the work contract thus subjected on the initiative employers'.

Popular housing takes its autonomous form with the law Siegfried of the November 30th 1894 which creates the name of “dwellings at a cheap rate” (HBM) incentive the provision of residences at reduced price with an tax exemption.

In 1908 the law Ribot will extend it to the rural populations in order to prevent their exodus.

The First World War causes a general impoverishment and the destruction of the real inheritance in the North-East. The capacity intervenes by issuing a moratorium making it possible to the tenants to suspend the payment of the rents and after a conflict guarantees it to the owners.

In March 1918 a law excludes the rents from the provisions of the Civil code French. Then the law Lauche Levasseur causes the satisfying of the capital deprived for a sector considered to be nonprofitable and the indifference of the owners for the maintenance of their goods.

In 1943 appear Interprofessional committees of housing . In 1945 the transfer of the supervision of the HBM of the ministry for health to the ministry for the rebuilding and town planning (MRU).

The capacity decides by an ordinance of the June 28th 1945 modified the October 26th 1945 to institute a taking away on the rents, intended to supply a “National bank for the improvement and the maintenance of the rural and urban settlement”, transformed into “Funds national of improvement of the habitat” (FNAH), whose management is entrusted to the Building and loan association of France. The FNAH will become in 1971 the National agency for the improvement of the habitat (ANAH).

In 2000, article 55 of the Relative law to solidarity and the renewal urban (SRU) lays down the objective of 20% of social housing in the cities and the agglomerations of more than 50.000 inhabitants and reaffirms the competence of organizations HLM as regards possibility of home-ownership.

In 2002, national union HLM became the Social union for the Habitat.

The Ordinance n°2007-137 of February 1st, 2007 relating to the public offices of the habitat, amends of the public agencies of HLM by carrying out the fusion of offices HLM and the Offices Public of Installation and Construction (OPAC). From now on, the qualified public corporation as regards social Housing will be the Public Office of the Habitat (OPH).

Legal status (France)

The HLM are “ dwellings collective or individual, urban or rural, answering the features and of cost price determined by decision administrative and intended to the people and for the modest families of resources .

has these dwellings can be assistant, under conditions fixed by administrative decision, of the dependences, the appendices and the privative or collective gardens, joined or not at the buildings.

Moreover, the whole of dwellings mentioned with the first subparagraphs can incidentally include/understand buildings of common use and all constructions necessary to the economic life and social of these units. ”.

Their statute and their regulation are in book IV of the Code of Construction and the dwelling.

Others

The HLM are quoted in songs:

Renaud sang the life in buildings HLM (the title of the song is In my HLM );
in the Mountain of Jean Ferrat (1964), the HLM contrast with the rural life:

It is necessary to know what one likes

And to return in its HLM

Manger chicken to the hormones . and in the novel the Things of Georges Perec

in the H.L.M. of suburbs

Notes and references of the article

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