Horse

Classification, denomination and stories of the species

Etymology

The term horse drift of Latin caballus and indicates a “bad horse”, then a hongre and, popularly “horse of work”. The etymology is dubious but a Gallic influence of the possible. The principal derivatives of the word horse are knight , signet ring , Chevalerie , chivalrous , equine , to overlap , rest , mare , cavaler , riding , Cavalerie and cavalcade .

Other erudite terms related to the horse are borrowed Greek old ( ἵππος , of the Indo-European root *ékwos ), from where the horse adjective or the term hippodrome . This Root Greek finds also in Philippe (“which loves the horses”), Hippolyte (“which unties the horses”), hippocampus (“cambered horse”), Hippopotame (“horse of the river”). A horsemeat butcher's is also called horsemeat butcher's. Latin Latin equus is him also resulting from this Indo-European root and is at the origin of the équidés terms like , from where the noun horsemanship and the adjectives equestrian and equine . The equestrian order was a social class of the ancient Rome going down from the combatants with horse (richest) of the first centuries of Rome.

The Former French names the mare mare .

History of the species

Categories of horses

Among the many possible classifications, the horses can be gathered according to their Race, compared to their use, with their size and their dress (only for certain races like the clippings)

Races

See also: List of the equine races, List of the equine races of France

The equine roots many and are varied. This great diversity originates in the selection and the crossings operated by the man on the domestic horse, but also the great capacity of adaptation of this équidé vis-a-vis its environment.

The principal criterion of distinction between the races of horses and ponies is carried out according to the size of the animal. Are regarded as horse the individuals of a size strictly higher than 1,48 m with the garrot. Contrary, are regarded as Poney the individuals of a size lower or equal to 1,48 m to the garrot. This classification is that adopted by the international equestrian Fédération to allow a distribution of the animals in the competitions.

However, in addition to this criterion necessary to the competitions, an equine race can be classified as being a race of horses or ponies. The criterion at the origin of this typology is conformation external of the race. An individual of a given race will not change a category because of his size. Example: an Arab individual Pur-sang remains always a horse even if its size is lower than 1,48 Mr. It is the same for the the Camargue, race of relatively small horse, or the Falabella which is regarded as a horse in spite of its size around 70 cm because it has all the characteristics external of a horse.

Hybrids

The horse can hybrider with others équidés. The product of a standard and a ass is a Bardot , that of an ass and of a mare is a Mulet or a mule , that of a mare and a Zèbre is called Zébrule or zorse .

Genetics

The domestic horse has 32 pairs of Chromosome S (against 33 pairs for the Cheval of Przewalski). The complete sequence of a genome of horse was established in 2007, four years after that of the human being.

Names naming the representatives of the species

Horse is a generic term which appoints initially the servant of Equus caballus , which includes the races become harets like the mustangs. The true wild horses, which cannot be domesticated, belong to several other species.

General terms

Narrower terms

Many familiar, pejorative or old terms indicate also the horse. Among the pejorative terms appear in particular bidet, bourrin, nag, edge, pink and haridelle . It should be noted that the word nag is often also used without negative connotation to indicate a horse without characteristics. The familiar terms are hobby-horse and coconut . In the old terms are the word mounting , which indicate a palfrey for a messenger, and finally the word destrier which names a mounting of war.

At the Amerindian , the horse is sometimes indicated under the term of “large dog”.

In sigillary character, the upper part shows an eye and the mane of the horse and the lower part, her legs and its tail.

Hippology

Description

An adult saddle horse weighs on average the 500 kg, heaviest of the draft horses can reach: 1200 kg. A horse saw on average 20 to 30 years. The Pony S and the horses known as “heavy” live on average longer than other races. The life expectancy of a domestic horse is lengthened thanks to the care lavished by the man, certain horses being able to reach the forty years.

Morphology

The horse is an animal Quadrupède. Its locomotor members are called members and not legs. By convention, the horse is composed of three principal external parts.

Dresses and spots

The color of the hairs and the hairs of the horse constitutes its dress.

Characteristics of the hair

Spots

The horses which have tasks, on the members or the head, whose size and form are factors of identification. Precise terms exist to describe these spots called also white marks .

The Balzane is a spot of white hairs on the legs. According to their size and forms, it bears a different name. The heading is a spot of white hairs on the head of the horse. Their form and wide gives them a denomination. The miser is a depigmentation of naseaux and mouth of équidé. The list is a vertical trace traversing the chamfer.

Locomotor apparatus

Direction of the horse

The horse has five direction but some evoke even the existence of a sixth direction. The most developed directions are the Odorat, the Ouïe and the Toucher. Animal of prey, the horse makes use of the smoothness of its directions to escape the attacks from its predatory or to find its food.

Vision

The horse has an visual angle of 340 degrees with only two dead angles located exactly in front of and behind him: its vision enables him to see on the sides like the riding crop of the rider, but he does not see a hand posed directly on his Chanfrein or if something is presented to him to the level of its mouth. N the other hand, the fields of view of each eye are superimposed only on one narrow tape with the front one. The horse can thus appreciate the distances only in this zone whereas in the other zones, it perceives for each eye a different image. This conformation, current at the preys, allows an easier detection of the predatory ones.

The vision of the horse is average or poor for certain races. Thus, 75% of the draft horses are short-sighted. On the other hand, when it has the lowered eyes, the horse with the capacity to as well see the objects close to the ground as those which are remote thanks to the oval form of sound Cristallin. It can thus, while grazing, to easily supervise its environment in the search of predatory. The vision of the horse has a frequency of perception from 20 to 25 images a second, against 15 to 18 for the man. This characteristic involves a better faculty to perceive the movements, and thus the predatory ones which approach.

The horse sees well the night thanks to the tapetum lucidum , layer reflective which covers its retina. Present in all the mammals, it is well developed in the horse which thus has a night vision to which the capacities are close to that of the Chat. Pupil, which can open with the fur as the light drops, also contributes to these performances. N the other hand, the vision of the horse manages with difficulty the abrupt transitions from luminosity. Certain horses become blind can live all the same about normally: they are made help of congeneric. A horse plugs was even champion of France of Dressage.

Hearing

The horse has a hearing very fine, able to identify a Souris in the straw with 100 meters or to distinguish from the sounds whose intensity varies only one decibel.

Sense of smell

Without being as fine as that of the Dog, the horse has a developed direction of the sense of smell thanks to very sensitive olfactive cells which paper its broad naseaux. It is also equipped with the Organe of Jacobson at the bottom of the nasal cavity which is used to fix the odors to allow a better analysis.

The horse makes use of its sense of smell to find water. The horses of the Bedouins can feel the presence of the water hidden under ground and this capacity is essential in the desert or the steppe for an animal which drinks up to 40 liters of water per day. The sense of smell is also used to inspect the unknown objects, to recognize the friends and enemies, to know the limits of the territories by feeling the deposits of droppings and urine and for the standards, to recognize a female in heat with 600 or 800 Mr. the horses smell the nose and the breath to greet themselves.

To analyze an odor more finely, the horse locks up them in its nasal fossae while inspiring deeply, rolling up the upper lip and while temporarily ceasing breathing while raising the head. This attitude is called Flehmen .

Taste

The horse makes use of this direction to recognize food. The latter are differentiated by the taste once passed the stage of the flairage. The taste makes it possible to identify the food which are good for their health and those which are harmful. Not having the capacity to vomit, the horse must establish its food correctly. In a natural state, the horse is attracted little by the sweetened taste. The frequentation of the man accustomed it to this taste.

To touch

The horses have a direction of the touch which is variable according to the parts of the body. The legs are not very sensitive, contrary to the head and the back. The simple contact of a fly can make quiver these parts. The shoe insensitive because is not equipped with nervous cells, but the foot is sensitive to the variations of pressure, which makes it possible the horse to adapt its balance to the nature of the ground.

The lips are surrounded by sensitive hairs called vibrisses and comparable with the moustache of the cat. They make it possible for example the horse to sort food. The lips also provide information on the nature of the touched object. The horses can touch themselves for the pleasure, in particular during mutual grooming. The rider as makes use of the direction of the touch of the horse to indicate to him as it carried out a exercise correctly or to exert a discomfort via the use of a Cravache.

Food

In nature, the horse is exclusively Herbivore and nourishes Herbe in majority. The horses of stable eat Céréale S like the oats, the Orge and sometimes the Maïs, of industrial food made up like the pellets and of the Fourrage S, i.e. Foin, alfalfa or straw. The horses in Pâturage nourish graminaceous Herbe made up of 70% of and 20% of Légumineuse S and 10% of various plants.

The horses drink approximately 20 to 40 liters of Eau per day and until twice more in summer or for the heavy horses.

Behaviors

The horse is an animal Grégaire which lives in Harde of small made up ten individuals:

of a protective standard,
from approximately three to four Mare S - of which often oldest is at the same time dominant and leader (but not obligatorily)
and the their small ones on two or three years.

The leader is the individual whose desires coincide with the desires of the other individuals of the group, and who decides to act as first to satisfy his desire. It is blow often the oldest mare which leads the herd during displacements since its experiment enables him to have often more by the way than the others. There can however be an individual leader by activity (that which has in general the good idea to go towards the water, another which thinks of being put at the shade of the good moment, another still which decides to go to change type of grass). The leadership is completely independent of the hierarchical state.

In the herd, there exists a Hiérarchie of the type dominating/dominated, established generally according to the age of the individuals, their temperament, etc the hierarchy is absolutely not pyramidal (except randomly dependant exception of the individuals): if has B dominates and that B dominates C, then has does not dominate C inevitably. This hierarchy stabilizes itself at the end of a few months of common life, and in general or little is not called into question (the mares gestantes would tend to gain a little in predominance on nonthe gestantes, but this is anecdotic). Within the group, the order and the hierarchy are maintained by devices of intimidation, in particular via a very developed body language: the horse defends itself or is made respect others by threats precedent so necessary of the kicks or bites.

Until approximately the two years age, the young males and females remain in the group, then start there from themselves. Then several young males gather to form a herd in which they were aguerrissent in plays then in engagements during a few years. When they took enough insurance, boldest creates its own herd. With this intention, it causes in duel of other males and if it gains the combat, it “recovers” the females of overcome (provided that they find it with their taste), or it can simply form its herd in “flying” of the mares to other standards, for little that the aforementioned mares do not appreciate too their current herd; finally, the arrival of young mares of two or three years has just left their family herd is another opportunity to begin or increase a herd.

The horse with the capacity to sleep upright, but this sleep is only very light. It does not reach the deep sleep (it needs one hour of this sleep per day) only lengthened, in its box or within a herd. All the horses of the same herd do not sleep at the same time because there is of them always at least one which takes care on the others while remaining upright. A horse lying which does not rise in the presence of an unknown or which remains lying too often can possibly be sick. Other behaviors can be noted in a general way:

a frightened horse escapes automatically. It does not attack, or very seldom. The very nervous standards or entireties sometimes can attack the man.
the cry of the horse is the hennissement . Various forms from hennissement exist.
the horse piaffe if it carries out a trot on the spot. This behavior is a sign of nervousness or extreme excitation. This movement is exploited in raising in a very tallied way.
the horse brans if it expires bruyamment by shaking the head.

Reproduction

The Flehmen can be often observed at the entireties when they are close to a mare in heat. When they are in freedom, the males dominating live with a harem, relégant the other males with the state of spectator. The battles between males for the domination of the herd can be violent, but are very seldom mortals.

In captivity, fecundation is more and more often made by artificial Insemination in Sperme frozen. This technique makes it possible to the stockbreeders to easily have a broad choice of male parents for their brood mares. In nature, the foalta are born in general at spring. For economic reasons, the stockbreeders seek an earlier birth with the beginning of the year and manage to start heats while exploiting for example the intensity of lighting. The duration of the Gestation is on average eleven months (310 to 360 days) and the mare gives birth only to one foal at the same time except exception. This process is called the poulinage and it is known as that the mare pouline. With the birth, the foal weighs approximately forty kilograms and its double weight during the first month. The foal can work less than one hour after the birth and has the vision as of the birth. The foal becomes adult between two and five years following the race to which it belongs. Some are earlier than others.

Anatomy

The anatomy of the horse was studied early by the man because this last sought to include/understand the operation of the horse for using best. One of the first works on the anatomy of the horse is that of Carlo Ruini in 1598.

Skeleton

The skeleton is composed of 205 Os and accounts for approximately 8% of the mass of a horse.

The horse was an animal with share because it was used as mounting to the aristocrats and because it was very expensive (35 pounds tournaments on average in France in the middle of the 14th century), of which two had a dress black and white and five others a mottled dress. They were the first ancestors of the mustangs, these horses turned over at the wild state and which have a dress mottled for the majority. The fact that the Amerindian never saw these animals helped the conquistadores to be made pass for divinities and to thus gain many battles. Cortez would have declared: “We owe our victory with God and our horses”.

The horse spread itself then quickly on these grounds, mainly in North America. At the period of the conquest of the West, several hundreds of wild thousands of horses are distributed through the continent. At the 18th century, the Amerindians raised large Harde S of horses of which the full number exceeded a hundred and fifty thousand individuals. Starting from these mustangs drawn up the palominos emerged. The Indians Pierced-nose Indians also operated selections starting from the mustangs to obtain the Appaloosa.

In Europe, the English crossed horses Arab Pur-sang S and bores S with indigenous species to create the English Pur-sang, race of racehorse.

Napoleonean time

August 1st The horses had an essential role in the Napoleonean conquests . The Arab Pur-sang S were the horses of choice for the cavalry of the troops. By the means of the campaigns of the emperor, this type of horse was found in Europe of the East and Russia.

Between 1800 and 1815, Napoleon, rider with the not very academic but resistant and intuitive style, had: 1730 horses reserved for its goes up personal. The Vizier, small Arab gray of 1,35 m, his more famous horse, was empaillé and is exposed in 2006 with the Museum of the army of the Invalides.

Equine medicine

In 2004,262 Vétérinaire S are equine specialists in France. There exists also a research in the field of the equine Génétique.

Other professions contribute to the medical care. The equine dentists have as an principal activity the filing of the Dent S because those of the horse push throughout their life. The equine Ostéopathe S practice a manual therapy by applying the same principles as the Ostéopathie for the man. Marshal-shoeing the orthopedists look after certain pathologies of the foot by putting orthopedic fittings. The stableman-welfare men deal with the light care.

Raising and ethology

See also: Saddle horse, Horse draft, horse-drawn Traction

After good of other theories (mechanics, animal psychology,…), the techniques of raising of the horses are based on the ethology. Thus horse-breakers claim and make presentations of their method, give courses of “ethologic method” of raising and help of them to take again in hand horses which present difficulties in their relation to the man and in particular of the risks. These adjusters can be qualified “chuchoteurs”.

One will thus distinguish usefully the two meanings from the word equine ethology . One presents the results of the observations and experiments scientific on the behavior of the horse. The second gathers a whole of practices of raising more or less inspired of the theories and results of the preceding one.

The raising of a horse can be carried out according to practices inspired of the ethology. The study of gestural, of the movements of ears, the attitudes of the head makes it possible to determine the mood of the horse, its emotions. For example: if a horse lays down the ears strongly behind, it is irritated; if it points them forwards, it is attentive. For better including/understanding the reactions of the horse, it should be considered that it expresses and is expressed for the other horses, which prevents lending to him, wrongly, of the human intentions. The ethology usefully replaces the idea of a “psychology of the horse”, always likely to be an anthropomorphic projection (“I put myself at the place of the horse”).

The horse piaffe if it carries out a trot on the spot. This behavior is a sign of nervousness or extreme excitation. This movement is exploited in raising in a very tallied way. In raising, the horse piaffe in the calm one.

The two principal uses of the horse are either to be a mounting for a rider, or to be an animal used in work of traction. These two objectives give place to a classification between the saddle horse and the draft horse.

Current use of the horse

Use in sport and leisure

Nowadays, the horse is generally used in horsemanship for the leisure (excursion or strolls in the barouche), in the equestrian Sports, the equestrian sports and like animal of spectacle.

The horse is also sometimes appreciated like pet.

There exist always riding people of which all the life is centered around the horse. It is the Mongolian case in particular where the children learn how to go up before walking.

Revival of the use to work

Throughout the XXe century, the horse was forsaken following the Mécanisation of the company. It disappeared from the landscape of the cities vis-a-vis the rise of the Automobile. Thus, Paris lodged more than 50.000 horses at the beginning of last century including approximately 10.000 dedicated to the public transport. Nowadays, this Ville remains one of the large European capitals where horse circulation is prohibited except by way of derogation. Certain races of Horse draft failed to disappear with the end from the Halage and mechanization from the Agriculture.

Certain traditional uses of the horse always continued by tradition more than for economic reasons like the monitoring of herds in the Camargue.

In France, after being forsaken as work tools, the horse is again employed in many tasks within the framework of a company which wants to be more sensitive to the ecology. ; Unloading: The horse passes to places difficult to reach to the tractor and does not damage the ground. This activity is under development thanks to an output positive ratio/cost in certain configurations of ground. Example of places of unloading: Wood of Vincennes (Paris, France), Park of Courneuve (Courneuve, Seine-Saint-Denis, France), Park of Saint-Cloud (Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine, France),… ; Équithérapie: Associations use the horse as an intermediary which contributes to the therapy of people suffering from a physical handicap or mental or which is déstructurées socially. The movements of the horse contribute to strengthen the muscles of the rider and this last east compels to show of attention and reasoning. The horse is also used without being gone up. The therapy then consists in for the patient coming into contact with an animal and interacting with him. ; Ploughing: This use remains still anecdotic. Example of place: vines of Montmartre in Paris. In the countries under-developed economically, the draft horse is still often used in agriculture. ; Police force assembled: In addition to traditional the Republican guard which, in addition to its missions of representation, ensures of the patrols assembled in main forests or gardens, there exists a revival of the assembled units of police force or guard of green areas. An agent with horse has an increased capacity of displacement, profits from a vision high and released, the respect inspires and returns more easily in liaison with the population via its mounting. Example of places with assembled police force: Courneuve (Seine-Saint-Denis, France), Orleans (Loiret, France). ; Research and rescue assembled. ; Garbage collection: Anecdotic, but real use as with Trouville (Seine-Maritime, France). ;

Hippophagie

In the culture

Arts and Letters

Painting

Équidés represented on the murals (as those of the Cave of Lascaux) by the men during prehistory are not this species. Many painters were caught of passion for the horse. Some extremely known painters celebrated the animal: in 1812, Theodore Géricault and his Officer hunter with horse , Eugene Delacroix and his Arab Horses of leaf in a stable in 1860, Auguste Rodin and the horse in 1864.

Poetry

Poetic art at all did not forget the animal. One finds the horse at Paul Verlaine, in the Wooden horses (Brussels II), or Paul Fort and his Complainte of the small white horse , or Jacques Prévert and his Red Cheval .

Songs

Some songs, known as popular, glorifié the horse: Stewball , of Hugues Aufray, the small horse of Georges Brassens, Sausage of horse n°1 of Boby Lapointe, the Ballade Of the Horse Mallet , Tri Yann, the horse of Jacques Brel,…

Photographs

Robert Doisneau appreciated much the animal in question. It photographed, in 1942, a horse which had slipped on the glaze and which was not able any more to be raised: the horse fallen .

Equestrian statue

In the audio-visual literature and works

America

Three horses illustrate American works of fiction. The adventures of Flicka are told in the novels of Mary O' Hara: My friend Flicka , the Son of Flicka and the green Grass of Wyoming . Flicka is the mare of Ken and saw in a Ranch Wyoming with its young Master. A film on Flicka left in 2006. Another horse of American fiction is Mister ED , “the horse which speaks”, hero of televised series of the Années 1960. Lastly, Pilgrim is the horse of the young Grace, 14 years, in the man who murmured with the ear of the horses , the best-seller of Nicholas Evans which given place to the Film of Robert Redford.

Asia

The place of the horse in Asia is initially represented by the sign zodiacal Chinese which corresponds to him. In India, one of the misadventures of Vishnou is the white horse and this animal is also related to the anthems with Indra, divinity of the war. A mythical figure of the horse is the Ki-rin, species of Licorne Asian.

Europe

With the Middle Ages, the image of the horse appears through the Licorne, animal fantastic which has a long horn on its face. Holy Georges, Christian martyr, is often represented with horse embanking a dragon. He is patron saint of the knights.

Miguel de Cervantes created Rossinante, the horse of Don Quichotte, charging the mills in Don Quichotte with the English Channel .

At the time contemporary, one can quote:

Jolly Jumper, mounting of Lucky Luke in famous the Cartoon of the same name.
Hair-White, chief of a herd of horses of the Camargue in freedom, hero of the short film éponyme of Albert Lamorisse, Price Jean-Vigo in 1953.
Tornado, destrier of Zorro.
ShadowFax (Gripoil) is the horse of Gandalf in the Lord of the Rings of JRR Tolkien.
the horse come from the sea , Irish film of Mike Newell, on a scenario of Jim Sheridan, left in 1994 in France, which can emphasize the importance of the animal, so much in the country, the Ireland, that in the popular beliefs.
Ulysses , old horse which must be delivered to a Picador in the arenas of Arles in French film of Henri Colpi, Heureux which like Ulysses , with Fernandel, which denounces the sometimes abusive replacement of the animal by the machine.

In the religions

The horse or its image is found in the religious texts, and particularly in the Indo-European Religion S where it is carrying a strong symbolism.

Christianity

In the religion chrétinne, the riding of the Apocalypse assemble each one one of the four appeared horses to the opening of the four seals. They are mentioned in the Bible, in the 6 chapter of the Book of Apocalypse, which predicts that they will overlap at the time the end of the world. The four riders are named “War”, “Famine”, “Stench” and “Died”.

Islam

According to the Islam, Allah created the horse starting from a pinch of wind and gave it to the warrior while declaring to him: goes and, on his back, you will taste with the pleasures that I reserve to you in my paradise. .

Kuhaylan, is regarded as being the first horse drawn up in the history of humanity for the Arabs. It is about the horse of Ismaël, wire of Abraham.

In its life Mahomet gave rise to two accounts in which the horses play a big role. Thus, Al Bouraq, whose name means flash, winged horse with head of Femme and tail of Paon, on which Mahomet, guided by the archangel Gabriel, travelled by night of Mecque to Al-Aqsa (the remote mosque) during the Miraj. The prophet would have also traversed several kilometers in the Désert with a herd of mares. With the approach of a water point, all were ruèrent to go to drink. Mahommet pointed out its mares then. Five only answered its call and returned towards him in spite of their thirst. From these five mares the five lines would go down from Arab horses present at our time.

Indo-European religion

Chinese mythology

In the Chinese tradition, the horse represents the nomads of the steppes. It is also the symbol of the “barbarians”. The Chinese made use of it to draw the tanks but avoided assembling it.

Famous quotations

Many a Proverbe S refers to the horse.

The noblest conquest which the man ever made… (Buffon, 1754)
My kingdom for a horse (Shakespeare)
The man will never have the perfection of the horse (Spinoza)
To speak with a horse, there does not need words. It is a carnal pressure which feeds our dreams… (Bartabas)
To be happy with horse, it is to be between sky and ground, with a height which does not exist. (Jerome Garcin)
Without bit, without spur, support, let us leave to horse on the wine for a fairy-like and divine sky! We will flee without rest nor truce, towards the paradise of my dreams! (Charles Baudelaire)
A dangerous with the two ends, uncomfortable animal in the medium (Winston Churchill)

Famous horses

Certain horses returned in the posterity and their name became famous. Some became it because their owner had a great notoriety, while others shone by their athletic performances or of spectacle. Lastly, some have physical characteristics.

Historical horses

Bucéphale , horse of Alexandre Large the;
the Vizier and Nickel , horses of Napoleon 1 {{er}};
Serko , horse having crossed 9000 km in the Russian Empire in two hundred days and which inspired a novel and a film;
Victoire in Thèbes and Mout is satisfied , the two horses preferred of Ramsès II with which it took part in the Bataille of Qadesh;
Incitatus , that Caligula named Consul;
Old Billy , the oldest horse, born in 1760 and dead the November 27th 1822, at the 62 years age.
Iris XVI , horse of the Marshal Leclerc and which was shot during the Second world war for act of resistance because it had killed a German officer.
Roan Barbary , horse of king Richard II of England.

Racehorses

Bellino II , first large star of French trot, with the exceptional prize list (3 Price of America, 3 Price of Cornulier, 3 Price of Paris…);
General of the Lupin , which at 125 exits gained 51 tests and a total of: 2240538 Euro S, all the more remarkable prize list as its quality of Hongre prohibited any attempt at the traditional level to him;
General of the Pommel , another hero who disputed, him, greatest French and European races. With Vincennes, its greater victory will remain the Prix of America of the year 2000, gained in the kilometric reduction of 1 min 12 S 60 hundredths;
Ourasi , quadruple winner of the Price of America (record);
Game preserve , recordman of the world of the profits for a trotter (6 035.666 €);
Jag de Bellouet , recordman of the profits for a French trotter (4 223.699 €);
Persik , prestigious standard which gained a number impressing of races of endurance and father many gaining in national and international raids. Persik died in 32 years on Friday, August 24, 2001;
Seabiscuit , American horse of race whose unexpected victories gave again the hope to million people during the Grande Depression.

Horses of sport

Jappeloup de Luze , gold medal of Jump of obstacles to the Olympic Games of Seoul in 1988 pennies the saddle of Pierre Durand;
Milton , horse of John Whitaker, with the prize list exceptional and considered by much as the best horse of jump of obstacles of all times;
Cumano , horse of Jos Lansink, is the horse of Saut of obstacles more admired moment. It is a horse of the exceptional raising, most respectful of the bars, while passing more than 50 cm to the top of bars to more than 1,60 Mr. He is world champion in 2006, and vice-champion of Europe in 2007.
Big Ben , horse of Ian Millar, contemporary of Milton and multiple champion of World cup of jump of obstacles (1988, 1989) and Olympic horse having gained the most purses in career. If it had been European, the question would have arisen of Milton or Big Ben which would have the largest horse of the history of the jump of obstacles since the 2nd world war.
Bonfire , horse of raising of Anky van Grunsven, very powerful at the time of the musical tests. It is Olympic medal and champion of World cup. He is regarded as being one of the outstanding horses of the history of modern raising.

Horses of spectacle and others

See also: List of racehorses, List of the horses of fiction, : Category: Horse celebrates, the category '' Cheval celebrates ''

Stormy , the zorse , formed word of streaked and of horse and which indicates one équidé resulting from the crossing of a zebra and a horse. Stormy was drawn up thanks to the ethologic methods of Andy Booth and accepts assembles it of a rider;
Tritonis , the largest thorough-bred, dead in September 1990 at the seven years age, measured 1,98 m and weighed 950 kg
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