Hormone mélanotrope
See also: MSH
The hormone mélanotrope , or mélanotropine or mélanocortine (name more used) or MSH (for melanocyte stimulating hormone ), is a hormone secreted by the cells mélanotropes of the Hypophyse (former lobe) and the mélanocytes. It is the product of maturation of a pro-hormone, POMC, by specific enzymes called Pro-hormone convertase S.
There exist three types of MSH, the α-MSH and the γ-MSH (resulting from the maturation of the hormone corticotropin or ACTH) and the β-MSH (resulting from the maturation of the Lipotropine β-LPH).
In the cells mélanotropes of the pituitary gland one finds the α-MSH and β-MSH, whereas in the Mélanocyte S is maturée α-MSH only.
Structure
-
α-MSH: Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Put-Lime-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lily-Pro-valley-NH2
- β-MSH (human): Go-Lime-Lily-Lily-Asp-Lime-Gly-Pro-Tyr-Arg-Put-Lime-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-lily-Asp
- β-MSH (porcine): Asp-Lime-Gly-Pro-Tyr-Lily-Put-Lime-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-lily-Asp
- γ-MSH:
Effects
The MSH acts on the Mélanocyte S of the skin by causing the secretion of Mélanine in answer to rays UVA mainly.
Regulation
Mode of action
The effects of the MSH pass by its fixing on a membrane Récepteur specific called MCR (for melanocortin receptor ) expressed normally by the Mélanocytes of the skin. The fixing of the MSH to its receiver involves a way of intracellular indication implying the Calcium like Second messenger.
Physiopathology