Horemheb
Horemheb is the last Pharaon of (period of the Nouvel Empire). Manéthon calls it Horemheb (Armaîs). One locates his reign at the neighborhoods of -1323 with -1295.
Genealogy
Titulature
Reign
Horemheb has a reign which marks two ends, that of and that of the Period amarnienne. It is originating in Hout Nesout (Egypt Average), not far from Amarna and of Hermopolis, and makes change its name, which was at the court of Akhénaton Paatonemheb “ Aton is in festival ”, for that of Horemheb “ Horus is in festival ”. From royal scribe, it will have a career and a formidable rise in a country which suffers from the upheavals induced by the religious reform atonienne. One does not know a military activity to him under Akhénaton but during the reign of Toutânkhamon he is general-in-chief of the cavalry, then large majordomo. He has then the title of prince " repâ" with Memphis. It helps with dynamism with the work of reform of Toutânkhamon.
It reconquers the Palestine and signs peace with Moursil {{II}} (-1341 with -1310) the emperor of the Hittites. He undertakes the total reorganization of the country and remade there to reign the order and improves the living conditions of the people, then in a very great misery.
For this period it is made build with Saqqarah very large and very sumptuous monument which recalls the great events of its career and famous with great reinforcement of details the prestige of the character who quickly becomes the providential man who will be able to preserve the country of the external threats and the internal disorders.
With death, undoubtedly premature, of the young Pharaon it is however Aÿ which succeeds the throne, last representative of a dynasty of which it is not even the descendant. By doing this it undoubtedly facilitates the arrival on the throne of Horus d' Horemheb which charms it with the son of Aÿ, Nakhtmin with the assistance of the priests of Amon, in a hurry to erase last the one harmful period old traces for the worship of their god.
It then makes public the programme of its reign in an edict being reproduced on a stele in Karnak, stele known as of the re-establishment, probably usurped stele with Toutânkhamon. To defend and protect the people against the flights, the corruption and the capacity of the civils servant, it founds series of measure repressive with immediate punishments.
He marries Moutnedjemet, which is perhaps the sister of Néfertiti and some Amenye. Without wire legitimates, it names like successor his vizier and general-in-chief Pa-Ramassou, the future Ramsès {{Ier}}, originating in the surroundings of Such el-Dab' has in the delta. The capacity passes from the “civil” Pharaons to the “military” Pharaons, i.e. resulting from the body of the generals.
Contrary to its immediate predecessors his memory will be honoured during the beginnings with the following dynasty. Indeed, the first tomb which it was made build with Saqqarah will receive in addition to the skin of Moutnedjemet, of the secondary burials of the period ramesside and probably that of Bentanat, one of the girls or little girls of Ramsès {{II}} because two oushebtis with its name were found there by the archeologists of Egyptian Exploration Society who continue to excavate the sector and to restore the tombs which were discovered there. Indeed, a a whole necropolis of dignitaries of the court of the large Pharaon of the young person will settle near this true temple dedicated to the funerary worship of Horemheb become a kind of reference. One in particular found there steles and dedications of the priests memphites attached to this worship under the first ramsès and whose tombs are undoubtedly arranged near the first memorial of Horemheb.
Of his activity of royal builder one retains three pylons in the temple of Amon Re to Karnak, the digging of a spéos to the Gebel Silsileh, the completion of a funerary temple on western bank of Thèbes, temple initially envisaged by Aÿ, as well as a tomb (KV57) in the Vallée of the Kings of which architecture and decoration precedes large hypogean royal Séthi {{Ier}} and of his/her son Ramsès {{II}}.
Burial
Although it was made build an immense tomb with Memphis at the time when the court of Toutânkhamon remained there, it is in its hypogean of the Vallée of the kings that it was made bury.
This burial innovates on the technical plan since the use of the relief in hollow replaces painting on plaster or coating. It is the first fall to present in its decorative program the chapters of the Livre of the Doors.
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