Homs

Homs (in Arabic: ḥimṣ, rear RTL حمص; in Turkish: Humus; called Émese in antiquity, in Latin: Emesa; in Greek: ltr el Έμεσα) is a city and an industrial and economic center Syrian of high importance. Its geographical location in the center of the country as well as the borders of its district which touch the Lebanon and the Iraq explain this importance. The city currently counts a million inhabitants. It is about a center which was, a few years ago still, without any tourist importance, except for the places chiefs like Palmyre or the Krak of the Knights. But the extraordinary archaeological discoveries of the ancient city of Qatna (second front millenium J. - C.) can give again at the town of Homs a more interesting tourist situation.

History

Origin

The historians estimate that Homs dates from the beginning of the thirtieth century before the Christian era. The citadel of Homs can be regarded as the place of the first dwellings. The city caused covetousnesses because of the glorious past of the close city, Hama. This one was a kingdom Araméen, whose king Zékir was one of the most famous sovereigns araméens of Syria. The historian Issa Asaad father presents Homs like the capital of the kingdom of Aram Soba, but this thesis was highly disputed by other historians. Those, being based on archaeological discoveries, advanced that the center of Aram Soba was the town of Anjar in the current Lebanon. Indeed, Homs found a presence recognized only with the Roman epoch.

Greek time

Called by the Greeks Émèse , Homs belonged to the empire of the Séleucides until in 69.av. J.C before acquiring its independence under the dynasty of priest-kings founded by Sampsigeramos Ier which became vassal of Rome as of 63av. J.C.

69.av. J.C - 43.avJ.C: Sampsigeramos Ier
43.av. J.C - 31.av. J.C: Jamblique Ier ( Iamblichos ) his/her son
31.av. J.C - 29.av. J.C: Alexandre his brother
Roman administration in the province of Syria
20.av. J.C - 11.ap. J.C: Jamblique II wire of Jamblique Ier
11.ap. J.C - 42.ap. J.C: Caius Julius Sampsigeramos II, wire of Jamblique II
: Iotape I, girl of Sampsigeramos II
: Aristobulus II, husband of Iotape I
42.ap. J.C - 54.ap. J.C: Caius Julius Azizus or Azizus, older brother of Sampsigeramos II
54.ap. J.C - 73.ap. J.C: Caius Julius Sohæmus, brother of Azizus and husband of Drusilla girl of Ptolémée de Maurétanie
73.ap. J.C - 78.ap. J.C: Caius Julius Alexio, wire of Sohæmus
79.ap. J.C - 120.ap. J.C: Caius Julius Sampsiceramus III Silas, wire of Alexio
: Caius Julius Longinus Sohæmus died in 160
: Caius Julius Sulpicius died in 210
Iamblichus - Jamblique brother of Julius Bassianus
210.ap. J.C - 235.ap. J.C: Uranius Antoninus
235.ap. J.C - 254.ap. J.C: Lucius Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus Uranius Antoninus

Homs gave to Rome several emperors. It was following the marriage of Septime Sévère, the Libyan general, with Julia Domna, the girl of Julius Bassianus, large priest of the Solaire temple of Emèse, that Homs traced its way towards Rome. The Domna family thus succeeds in making reach the capacity of Rome emperors like Héliogabale (218 - 222) and Alexandre Sévère (222 - 235). During the Byzantine time, Homs became an important center of Christendom. Many churches were built there.

Arab time

From the Arab conquest, Homs (called then Hîms) became one of the capitals of the Syrian provinces (Al-Cham). She played a considerable religious part at the Musulman S because one of the famous commanders of the Moslem conquest was buried there (Khalid ibn Al-Walid). The city preserved its importance throughout the time omeyyade and until the Abbasid time .

Abbasid period

During this period, Homs lost much of its importance as a city-capital. It undergoes during one century the attacks of the Croisades. It found its stability only with the State ayyoubide founded by Saladin. From 1516, the city became a locality subjected to the Ottoman Empire. Since this date and until the First World War, one does not note a significant event relating to Homs. The primacy Ignace Moussa Ier Daoud is native of Homs.

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