Homosexuality in the cartoon

In France, in Belgium and Switzerland

In the Years 1950, between patronages catholic in Belgium and Communist in France, the cartoon remains intended a long time for asexual youth and thus . It is well as it is necessary to read the relation of Alix and Enak in the series of Jacques Martin: pure and without ulterior motive. It is necessary to await the irruption of Argentinian the Copi in the press of the Années 1960 ( Nouvel Observateur , Libération ) to speak about homosexuality as a cartoon. And me, why I do not have a banana? (1975), On the side of violated the (1978), Kang (1984) speaks without make-up about male or female homosexuality, the Transsexualisme and the sexual assaults. Its compatriot Jose Cuneo draws for the gay press (prevention against the AIDS) but leaves albums little ( the Marriage of Roberto , 1999). Alex Barbier uses the direct color to represent its phantasms: Lycaons (1979), Landscapes of the night (1994), while Nicole Claveloux introduces ambiguous women ( Morte season , 1979). Annie Goetzinger is one of rare to tackle the subject: the Future lost speaks about a homo reached AIDS. The squeaking satirists Reiser, Georges Wolinski and Philippe Vuillemin treat the homosexual ones with same cruelty as the heterosexuals. In Belgium, the draftsmen do not renew themselves, and the review the Newspaper of Spirou enlise in a preserving spirit, except exceptions (Yann and Conrad, Bob Marone (1992), Unnamable the ; Muchacho of Emmanuel Lepage).

When the Journal of Fabrice Neaud (1996) meets success, it seems that the mention of its homosexuality in the autobiographical cartoon does not pose any more a problem. One notes also the appearance of Tom of Beijing, graphic designer and draftsman inspired, collaborating in SNEG and Têtu. The cartoon lesbian Marsouines of Arbrelune and Jour of rain is however autoéditée. The collection “Bubbles merry” publishes works of autobiographical inspiration like the Insane Nights of Jonathan of Jean-Paul Jennequin or Jean-François made of resistance of Hugues Barthe, and a gay magazine and Marseilles lesbian, Hercules and the Golden Fleece , reveal new talents like Helene Georges. The illustrators Kinu Sekiguchi and Sven of Rennes tries some cartoons close to the Spanish and Japanese productions. The Dutch-speaking Belgian Tom Bouden exploits the sentimental register as well ( max and Sven ) as erotic ( In Bed with David & Jonathan ). In Switzerland, it is necessary to notice the recurring characters of the cartoons of Jose Roosevelt: the painter is homosexual, and VI is bisexual ( In the shade of the shells , 2005).

An attempt at magazine Gay porn was carried out (Ultimen) by an organization of video Porno, distributed in kiosk but without media support the title was arrété. H&O becomes one of the main actors of the gay diffusion of data base in France with in particular works of Logan (Valton) (Porky, the Pornomicon).

The nonhomosexual authors do not hesitate any more to approach homosexuality by seeking the tone right: Dieter and Lepage speaks about discovered about the Sexual orientation with Névé . Raptors of Enrico Marini and Djinn , both scenarized by Jean Dufaux, introduces characters Bisexuel S. But various projects testify to tough resistances: the Bet of Tito is not prépublié in Okapi before leaving in album, and the volume of Quintett of the scenario writer Frank Giroud centered on homosexual runs up against the refusal of the draftsmen: it is the veteran Paul Gillon who save the album, and the honor of his/her colleagues.

In Spain, in Italy and Germany

In Spain, it is necessary to await the Movida so that the expression is released from the homosexual desire. Nazario knows several contentions with the censure before is made known in the Années 1980 with its heroin Anarcoma, a Transsexuelle evolving/moving in the shady mediums of Barcelona. Rafa makes the humorous chronicle of the life of a couple in the gay Quartier of Chueca, with Madrid, with Chuecatown (2002). On the Iberian peninsula, the illustrators David Cantero and Sebas Martín ( Historias de Sitges ) took the changing with much sensuality.

In Italy, various publications reveal the multiple inpirations of many young people authors like Valeriano Elfodiluce ( Rainbows , Robin Hoog ). Recently, Barbara Apostolico and Claudia Lombardi imposed their series Caim .

In Germany, it is Ralf König which dominates the gay scene as a cartoon since 1979, accumulating the albums (series Conrad and Paul ) and the disrespectful adaptations ( Lysistrata according to Aristophane, Iago according to Shakespeare). Its albums are an international success, which must certainly with its humor but also with the accuracy with which it presents the gay life.

In the United States

Gay characters or lesbians appear occasionally rather early in the history of the comics, in particular in the Comic strip S which constitute the most popular shape of the American cartoon initially. However, in agreement with the spirit of the time, they never are explicitly indicated like such, and their sexual orientation never constitutes an important component of the intrigue. In fact, the couples formed by Batman and Robin or Krazy Kat and Ignatz concern rather the phantasm of the readers, or adversaries of homosexuality determined to flush out all that can refer there, such Dr. Fredric Wertham. In 1953, this one lengthily denounces in its book Seduction off the Innocent the “corrupting” influence of the comics, of which the incentive with homosexuality. The Comics Codes adopted under its influence prohibited for a long time to refer to homosexuality as a cartoon.

Under the coat diffuse erotic drawings however, in particular the boards and the drawings of the famous Tom off Finland. In 1980 the review Gay Comix is founded, which publishes many series. The homosexual newspaper The Advocate publishes the adventures of Wendell by Howard Cruse. Meatmen , series of anthology of gay cartoon erotic, appears in 1986. The same year, Alison Bechdel creates the small world of the Lesbiennes to follow , then Roberta Gregory makes live Bitchy Butch (lesbian equivalent of its heroin Bitchy Bitch ) as from 1991. Hothead Paisan : Lesbian Homicidal Terrorist , of Diane DiMassa shakes the underground by its imagination. Howard Cruse with a world of difference , David Kelly with Steven' S Comics , Robert Kirby and its Curbside Boys constitute the most outstanding authors of the gay comic. Coming him also from the underground, Jaime Hernandez tells the friendship of two bisexual women, Maggie and Hopey, in Locas . Tim Fish approaches the social and sentimental slope ( Cavalcade off Servant boys ), while Patrick Fillion leaves free course to its phantasms ( Camili-Cat , guaranteed Satisfaction ). Justin Hall creates Glamazonia, strange the super trans . G B Jones represents off a Tom Finland with the female one. Paige Braddock creates Le Monde de Jane , the life of a lesbian told like a sitcom. Jennifer Camper ensures the direction of the anthology Juicy Mother and publishes albums very Queer, Rude Girls and Dangerous Women and Subgurlz (1999). Judd Winick tells its friendship for a gay young person of origin Cuba innate, Séropositif, in upsetting Pedro and me .

Homosexuality also made its appearance apart from the gay cartoon and committed lesbian. The series of supermen, who constitute a big part of the Comic S, always do not offer a stereotyped vision. Wonder Woman always had a more or less manifest under-text lesbian, just as X-Men always exploited the ambiguity of their singularity. V for Vendetta of Alan Moore contains the history moving by a lesbian (1981-1989). The series then respected the principle of probability by integrating gay characters. At Marvel, the first superman to declare one homosexuality is Véga of the Division Alpha in 1992. Will follow Terry Berg in Green Lantern, the couple formed by Apollo and Midnighter in Authority, Mystique (X-Men), etc Récemment, a character lesbian of the Fugitive series the (2003), Karolina Dean, maintains a history love with Xavin.

In Latin America

The continent is largely dominated by the Machisme, and it is not without reason that the Argentins Copi and Cuneo were exiled in France. There exist however some allusions to homosexuality. The characters of the Péruvien Juan Acevedo show a greater sexual freedom in Hola Cuy! that in the real-world. At the Brazil the series of Adao Iturrusgarai, Rocky E Hudson, Gay bone Caubois , puts in scene gay cow-boys in a humorous and décomplexée way but without calling into question mentalities. The Mexicain Eduardo del Río “Rius” goes further in its didactic approach of homosexuality, in a number of Supermachos in 1977. Little turned towards the cartoon, the latinas lesbians do not seem yet to have created cartoons on the subject.

In Japan

Starting from the work of dessinatrices pionnières, homosexuality entered in force the Manga S, creating categories of mangas as the Shōnen-have or Boy' S Love, the Yaoi, or the Yuri. These mangas is addressed by no means to a homosexual public, even if the gays and the lesbians were the first interested ones. They before are very intended to the young girls or to the men Hétérosexuel S.

Since 1986, the series Banana Fish of Akimi Yoshida evoked attraction between boys and the sexual maltreatment in prison. Minami Ozaki seems to have launched the Shōnen-have with Zetsuai 1989 , while Kazuma Kodaka ( Kusatta Kyôshi No Hôteishiki ; Kizuna ) car towards the Yaoi . Marimo Ragawa anchors to the United States its history of love between a police officer and a deceived young man, N.Y.N.Y. . Naito Yamada mixes erotism and poetry to evoke the daily life in its Beautiful World . Fake is a typical example of shōnen-have, therefore very far away from reality. Among all these dessinatrices, only the mangaka man known to treat loves between men seems to be Gengoroh Tagame with its Hentai S/M.

The sentimental mangas between women, Shōjo-have , or Yuri appeared more recently, in particular with Ebine Yamaji ( Sweet Lovin' Baby ; Indigo blue ; Drunk Free ) and Kiriko Nananan ( Blue ).

The change of sex appears in a humorous but obsessing way in the Manga. (Princess Sapphire, Ranma 1/2,…) The draftsman of Shōnen Tsukasa Hōjō makes Travestissement the main theme of the series Family Compo .

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