Homicide

A homicide is the action to kill voluntarily or not a human being. In the majority of the companies, whatever is the reason, the act of homicide is regarded as one of the most serious Crime S being able to be made.

Two types of homicides exist:

  • the voluntary manslaughter, where an human being of keep silent another voluntarily, sometimes with Premeditation. A voluntary manslaughter is also called a murder if there is no premeditation, and assassination if there is premeditation;
  • the manslaughter, where an human being of keep silent another by accident or imprudence.

Crime and homicide

One uses sometimes wrongly the term Crime to indicate a homicide. A crime is in a general way an action considered as very serious by the Loi. All the homicides are crimes, however it happens that certain countries regard only the voluntary manslaughters as crimes and not those which are involuntary. For example in France one speaks about “offense of manslaughter”, but many other facts are qualified crimes (for example in France the Viol, the Proxénétisme, the Torture, the Excision or the flight with violence).

Gradation of the homicides

Possible cases of homicides, listed by order of decreasing gravity (in comparison with the law):

  1. voluntary Manslaughter with voluntary premeditation

  2. Manslaughter without premeditation
  3. Manslaughter by aggravated assault having resulted in unintentional death to give it
  4. Manslaughter by negligence
  5. …

  1. Quelqu'un involuntarily causes a road accident which makes casualties: blows and involuntary injuries, which is an offense .
  2. Quelqu'un wounds another person during a brawl: blows and voluntary wounds, which is an offense .
  3. Quelqu'un causes the death of a person in an traffic accident: manslaughter, which is an offense .
  4. Quelqu'un kills a person at the time of a brawl without to have intended to give death: blows and voluntary wounds having resulted in unintentional death to give it (in other words voluntary manslaughter not qualified), which is a crime .
  5. Quelqu'un strangles a person in an access of rage at the time of a brawl or kills a burglar in escape without being able to call upon to it self-defense: murder (in other words voluntary manslaughter with intention to give death but without premeditation), which is a crime .
  6. Quelqu'un kills a person after having premeditated and having prepared its act: assassination (in other words voluntary manslaughter with premeditation), which is a crime .

Manslaughter

For example in the criminal Law French, the homicide is defined like such: “The fact of causing, under the conditions and according to the distinctions envisaged in article 121-3, by awkwardness, imprudence, carelessness, negligence or failure with an obligation of safety or prudence imposed by the law or the payment, the death of others constitutes a manslaughter punished three years of imprisonment and 45.000 euros fine.

In the event of violation obviously deliberated on a particular obligation of safety or prudence imposed by the law or the payment, the incurred sorrows are increased at five years of imprisonment and 75.000 euros of fine”.

Statistics

The following table shows the rates of homicides in 2000 for various countries.

It is estimated that currently the South Africa has a rate of homicides among highest in the world with between 25  000 and 30  000 murders per annum (that is to say a rate from 55 to 65) but the statistics of this country not being reliable, this rate do not appear in the table.

Brazil east one of the countries more violent ones of the world: : 600000 people were assassinated between 1980 and 2000, and the rate of homicide increased by 130% over this period.

Caracas, the capital of the Venezuela is one of the least sure cities of Latin America, with 105 homicides for: 100000 inhabitants.

With the the United States, the number of homicides fell during the Années 1990: some allot this fall to the policy of tolerance zero, the strict application of the sorrows and the modernization of the police force. Others, as the Sociologue Loïc Wacquant put more ahead the good health of the US economy, the arrival of immigrants in forsaken districts and lowers it traffic of the Crack

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