Holy-tulle

Holy-Tulle ( Santa Túlia in Of Provence according to the traditional Standard and Santo Tùli according to the Standard mistralienne) is a common French, located in the department of the Alp-of-High-Provence and the area Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure.

Its inhabitants is called Tullésains.

Geography

Holy-Tulle: the territory according to the old texts

In its dictionary of the communes appeared in 1788 , Claude François Achard presents - as it did for all the villages and all the towns of Provence - a table to us simple and fast of Holy-Tulle, insufficient undoubtedly but which deserves to be better known of all because it is about the first systematic description of our commune:

Holy-Tulle, in Latin, Sancta Tullia, into Of Provence, Santo Tulo, carried formerly, if it is necessary to refer of them to the tradition people of the Country, the name of Thetys, that it left in the continuation to take that of pious Récluse, named Tulle, which was girl, according to some Authors, of St Eucher, Evêque of Lyon, and had lived a long time close to this place, in an underground, where one set up since a Vault which bears its name.

This village, which is Diocese of Sisteron, Seneschalsy and of Viguerie de Forcalquier, is located at some hundred step of main road, in a small small valley, with the foot and midday of a covered slope of olive-trees; with sleeping of Manosque, from which it is distant from a small mile; in the north of Right Bank of the Durance which is at a distance a little less considerable than Manosque, and with eight miles of the Capital of the Province.

Its Parish church, served by a Priest and two Vicars, is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin co., under the title of NR. D. of Beauvoir. The Priory had above by Priors commendataires who belonged to Abbaïe of St Andre of Villeneuve-lez-Avignon, belongs today, as well as the collation of the Cure, with the Seminar of Lurs, to which it was joined together by Mr. Lafîtau, Evêque of Sisteron, under the yearly rental of a pair of oil-cans of money, evaluated with 100 pounds in favor of the Abbot of St.André, and 80 books in favor of the Monks Benedictines of same Abbaïe. The new Priors still committed themselves maintaining with half-board in their Seminar a child of Holy-Tulle, during the course of its classes of Humanities. There is in this place a Company of Pénitens white which have a Vault in the vicinity of the Parish church.

St Blaise and Holy-Tulle, whose festivals celebrate on February 3rd and on May 21st, is the two Owners of the place, and it is with this last festival that one made Roumeiragi formerly; but the plague of 1720, having removed nearly 400 people, let us live them who escaped the danger, touched death of so many parens and fellow-citizens whom they had just lost, and wanting to urge Divine Providence to guarantee them forever so terrible plague, were assembled, in September of the following year, with the door of the Church; and there in the presence of S. Sacrement, they made a solemn wish by which they obliged, as well for them than for their successors, and promised as the feastday of Holy-Tulle, it would have neither brass bands more there, nor dances, and that all this day would occur in the future in exercises from piety; adding to this wish that the next Sunday of the festival of S. Michel, one would make a general Procession to which all live them would assist barefeet, the head discovered and the cord with the neck. That took place during three years; but Mr. Lafîtau having come to make his first Pastoral visit in 1724, judged in connection with removing all these signs external of Religion like subjects with great disadvantages, wanting that one restricted oneself to make, this day there, an ordinary Procession with the Vault of SAINTE-TULLE where one would sing the Mass provitanda mortalitate; ordering displeased that each feastday been unemployed of the Virgin co., one would make another Procession, with the return of which the Priest in cover would recite the chain in front of S. Sacrement, to commute the wish that the community had immediately made after the plague.

the wise provisions of the Bishop diocesan were followed; but it is not thus of Roumeiragi, which, after being lost sight of the fact during nearly 50 years, was renews by young people, who have celebrated it with glare for several years, not with the truth the day of Holy-Tulle, as it was practiced before the contagion, but the feastday of S. Biaise. This festival is announced by a large bonfire which one lights the day before, over the evening, with the noise of the drums and the trumpets. This fire witness a Company of Hussards, one of Gendarmes, one theLight ones, one of Fusiliers, and two bands of Dancers. All those which compose these various companies are put very properly. The following day, day of S. Blaise, they are almost all the day in exercise; and with these entertainments which attract much from abroad, one joint that of the dance, and the exercise of the jump and the fight, for each one of which there are prices. the Village of Holy-Tulle having been almost entirely ruined by the Piedmontese one, one does not know too much in which time, Jean de Villemus, who was Seigneur, there attracted about the middle of the fifteenth century of live foreign to repopulate it, and gave them goods under the royalty of a right of tasque that they would pay him annually. The soil of which the greatest part is in the plain, produces much corn, wine, and oil. There is enough vegetables, fruit and gardening. One also made there worms with silk which succeed well. One counts at the Village or the countryside nearly 200 houses. A time ago when the fevers depopulated this country. In 1746,500 people were attacked by it; but the marshes, which caused these diseases, having been immediately desiccated after this annoying time, the air purified so much so that today there are not more fevers than in the places the best exposed ones. One does not know with SAINTE-TULLE of another dominant disease. The inhabitants enjoy there in general good health. They are robust, and one owes them this justice which they like the work, and which the ease whose majority of them enjoy, is the fruit of their activity and their industry.

the Historians of Provence do not teach us anything in particular from this Village. One reads only in Gaufridi and in Honore Bouche, that NR. of Castellane d' Ampus demolished there, in 1750, a regiment of Religionaires of the Cevennes that Chambaud, Gentilhomme of Vivarez, brought to the help of Sieur of Valette Gouverneur of the Province. the ground of SAINTE-TULLE, after having been a long time in the House of Valbelle, was acquired, with died of the last Count of this name, deceased in 1778, by Mr. Dalmas, Secrétaire of the King, the Town of Marseilles, which by the improvements that it already made there and that it made there daily, will do of them one of the best grounds of the region.

In its presentation, Achard enumerates the principal productions of the soil: corn, wine and oil as well as vegetables, fruits and gardening. Being Manosque whose extreme proximity and the identical nature of the soil make it possible to think that the dietary habits in the two common neighbors were similar, the same author bears witness: the food of the people is bread of wheat or méteil and vegetables. The drink, in winter, nasty wine, in summer wine, more or less mixed with water.

One sees well, in both cases, that the triad corn, vine and olive-tree which characterizes the cultures of the Mediterranean type is respected. It is also necessary to add the meat to it, although in regression at this time and the century following according to certain authors. It is particularly recommended in the event of disease, if not like a drug, at least like powerful reconstituting. The fish " expenses " and dry-salted form also part of the traditional food. continuation

the statistical survey into the industry and the craft industry of 1783 aims at giving a progress report on the state of the forests and the various uses of wood in High Provence. Here are the results for our commune:

the community of Holy-Tulle does not have any wood intended to be crossed, the ground gaste which it has with the cotteaû is clean only with the pasture of the herds of average; it grows only shrubs there what one can call undergrowth.

It with in this soil no forest ny wood if they are not them they along the river of the Durance or the inhabitants cut there bushes for the use of the baking ovens bread; it is vray that by the care which the administrators have taken for approximately twenty years it is unbleached in they some chains white which one currently preserves to be able in the continuation to benefit from the nipple, the trees will be able to even become specific to construction if the community obtained some help of its majesty to make fortifications to preserve them they and to guarantee them irruptions frequantes of the river.

We have in the place or its soil approximately two hundred inhabitants who can consume hundred quintals of wood each one that one is obliged to as buy of the close places the inhabitants do not find any in their fields by the examination of the fruit trees which are the single resource.

the community with a factory of tiles for the use of the inhabitants or one consumes the undergrowth of they. One usually makes two batches of the tiles each year; one needs for that approximately three thousand faggots or fassines. One has just made in the place a pertaining pulling of soye has a private individual or there are three turns. In the factory or pulling of soye one consumed approximately hundred quintals of coal there. '

This agricultural investigation recalls us that everyone, in all the times, needs the forest. Even with Holy-Tulle where, in 1789, the original of leafy trees, feeder and protective forest, practically disappeared!

To clear new grounds to plow, for its herds, the energy needs or out of materials of its craft industry or, quite simply to heat themselves and make cook food, Tullésains never ceased during centuries making move back the drill. They took part thus, unconsciously, with a rupture of balance which, exacerbating the Mediterranean character of our area, accelerated the impoverishment of the soil and supported poorer vegetable associations whose current result is the scrubland and the pine of Alep.

How to imagine today by looking at our forests of coniferous tree largely cloth-lined of electric lines, which was our hills 200 years ago?

the fire of July 24th, 2002 which devastated more than 600 hectares of forest left behind him the spectacle of desolation, certainly, but it, on the other hand, released from formerly arranged spaces, invaded by an impenetrable vegetation. The surprise for much was of size. Where only one was seen vast and beautiful forest hid the vestiges of an intense human occupation spreading out over several millenia. There is sorrow to believe there that men could stage, stone after stone, these bancaous of the hope, degrees fragile and ridiculous that time broke and covered with its lapse of memory letting remain only of the sections of wall and the skeletons of olive-trees.

The description of the Holy-Tulle soil made a few decades later (1843) by L.J.M. Robert' comes to confirm what was brought back higher:

the part of the slope was always devoted to the olive-trees which, finding a ground and an exposure favourable, gave before their mortality, an oil of the first quality. One can say of it as many the vines which are cultivated there, especially those of the districts of Saint Pierre, Saint Lazare, Piedtourouse and of Burlière, whose wine prepared carefully, can be looked like one of the best wines of Provence, and to which the licensed gourmets and tasters could not refuse, in a true bacchic spirit, their merry drinkings. the plain is mainly intended for cereals, the meadows and the culture of potatoes. The vines still abound there; they produce more than those of the slope, but the wine is of a lower quality, except that of the district of the Small pockets, which, because of the nature of the ground, and to its exposure, approaches the wine of slope. Formerly, the cooked wines, the clarettes and the wines muscatels of SAINTE-TULLE were in great reputation and very required by the Alpine Tops. Would this be the taste of spirituous liquors, become more general in the campaigns since the Revolution, by the return of the congédiés soldiers, which would have operated this change in the popular refreshment bars?

Speaking about the two lines of hills which form with the river of the Durance and the torrent of Chaffère the reinforcement of the commune, he recalls that the hill of north, covered with a forest of olive-trees, before the frightening winter of 1820, is known still today, in spite of his aridity and the examination of its old and rich ornament, which had given him its name, under that of Beautiful Coast.

This description painted with the eyes of the heart corresponds rather badly to that which does the local writer of the investigation of 1755 about réaffouagement the of then. Answering the questionnaire with the obvious concern to obscure the table - one has very to fear of a tax investigation -, the writer offers another presentation of the commune to us; we deliver an extract of it to you:

Which eft the nature of the soil?

- the soil appears rather beautiful with the glance but it nest not fertile in grains there of other fruits because of the fogs of the river of the Durance which causes us by nottre malor of the fevers to most of the inhabitants every year.

Which make the productions of them, like villages, wines, oils, almonds, sheets of meurier & other fruits, pastures, wood & C?

- the produced soil of the village fromand and the segle poorly attandeu the fogs of the river of the Durance, produces in the same way wine and very little audela of luzage of the place. Lafuille of mulberry trees is dun small object in this soil, we have the isles along Durance or the beufs which are useful has lusage plow go depettre laying three months and demy in letté began the 15 jusques may with the first septambre daprès. We navons no drink ny naked coppice aultres.

Nombre of Let us live, by counting only the hearts of communion?

- Three hundred and sixty seven as well men as famed and girls of communion.

Is Which the trade of the place, of what it consists, & which with little-near the object is?

- No trade in the aforementioned place.

Manufactures & Fabriques which is established: how much is there each species of it, & with which fomme the product can be evaluated about it common year?

- We navons that a weaver has estamine which is all alone quil manufactures and works for those which make them make similar estoffes. Three shops of shoe-makers, two who nont ny boys ny aprantis and one which has two boys. And two weavers with fabric who serve the Ihorsquon public the employ to make fabric.

Efpèces the beftiaux one which rises there: which is débouchement, the product of each year, by estimate?

- It seleve no cattle cy this nest some small sleeps which can go one hundred.

Monumens, antiquities & others curiofîtés of the place?

- Aucuns monumans ny entiquittes.

the report written in 1698 at the time of an other réaffouagement of the province offers, him also, and in the same spirit, a similar presentation:

- the soil “is dune extremely small extent” - it is “lun more badly holy ny not having only one inhabitant who does not see himself reached every year of the fevers intermitantes” - the olive-trees are often reached of a general mortality due to the great colds…

the Revolution of 1789 devoted the one new economic era advent; Tullésains included/understood it very well. Pushed by the need for overcoming the misery and the fear of the famine, carried by the desire to offer some ease by the initiative and work, they have forcéun bolt of the “capacity to work” while being ensured since 1792 the partaged' part of insulate pertaining to the commune. We will reconsider a little further this division by detailing the texts of the time. In same time, they asked for and obtained the creation of two fairs, one Monday after the Saint Oblique and the other Monday after Notre Dame de Septembre who remained at least until the middle of the 19th century and which was “very favourable with the farmers, to supply itself out of seed corns, collected in our plain, and very required by the farmers of the surroundings, considering their excellent quality and their happy acclimatization in the grounds which are intended to them”.

They took also in November 1793 the creation of a government contract each Monday while insisting on the utility and even the need for a similar market for aprovisonnement not only of this commune but of all the canton, which convenient Na dautre gone that of the town of Manosque: who is in lesprit loix which it there and a market in each canton so that the inhabitants and farmers lose less tems for aprovisoner.

Girl of Descartes and the Age of Enlightenment, the French revolution was also a large machine to be legislated and manage. She generated quantity of laws, figures and lists which fortunately could arrive to us. the investigations and statistics of the series 6 M 223 of the Departmental records bring quantified information to us which comes to specify what was written higher and that one can summarize as follows:

- in 1789, Holy-Tulle is a village living almost exclusively of agriculture, with a not very wide but relatively rich soil if one compares it with that of the other communes of High Provence; - this soil is irrigated little and partly prone to the floods; - the forests are almost non-existent; - the cultures are of Mediterranean type: cereals (corn, rye), vines and olive-trees; - one raises there sheep and pigs in small herds, sometimes reduced to only one animal. One will also note: - the soil, very parcelled out, is between the hands of some big landowners, of which the lord who has the l/5e of it before the Revolution… and a little more after, and a multitude of small holders; - there remains of many marshes and there is often fog.

Sources:

Achard Claude François , historical, geographical and topographic Description of the cities, boroughs, hamlets of old and modern Provence, the Venaissin county, the Orange principality, the county of Nice. . 2 vol., Aix, 1787-1788.)

Departmental records, series C, article 43.

Robert Louis Joseph Marie , History of Holy-Tulle , Worthy, Rest Editor, 1843, p.102.

Holy-Tulle communal records, series H 1 - 4.

Holy-Tulle communal records, series BB.

Extract of: Holy-Tulle during the Revolution, C White, Mr. Donato, J Vivoli , Tétéa the Luberon Durance, Printing works Louis Jean, Gap, 1990; texts: Christian Blanc .

History

The human presence with the prehistoric time then during the Gallo-Roman period with Holy-Tulle is attested in many places, as well in hill as in plain, by the presence of vestiges of these times (stone tools, burials, currencies, potteries…).

But the oldest monument still in state on the territory of this commune is the crypt built during the Moyen-âge and dated, according to the authors, of the Viii-9th century or the 12th century . On this crypt was built the vault of Holy Tulle which was destroyed then rebuilt on several occasions. This vault, sold during the revolution of 1789 was repurchased and restored by " the factory of the Holy-Tulle " church; in second half of last century. It belongs now to the commune.

the church of the village was built in 1587 , on the model of the church of the Carmelite friars with Manosque, with the site of the old church which had crumbled in consequence of the wars of religion. Above the door, a large wall-belfry supports three bells, of which is gone back to 1603. This church is dedicated to Notre-Dame and Saint Blaise.

Like other remarkable constructions in the center town, one will note: the tower of the clock ( 1544 ), the Round fountain or More-high fountain (undoubtedly of the beginning of the 17th century ), the Large home and its mill with oil ( 1671 ), laundrettes of the More-low fountain covered in 1864-1865 , the Center Maurice Calf (probably fine XVIIe century), the vault of penitent the (vis-a-vis the church) as well as the municipal theater , the town hall and the school max Trouche built in the years 1930 .

Holy-tulle has also a antiphonaire on parchment - single work classified in 1907 - decorated abundant polychrome miniatures and letters gilded with the fine gold. It was offered at the beginning of the 18th century with the priest of this parish by a priest of Néoules.

the principal known historical events are:

- Devastations caused by the Black Death of 1348 and, a few decades later, the repeated passage of bands of plunderers which destroyed the last survivors. Then repopulation of this phantom village in the middle of the 15th century by Jean de Villemus, Holy-Tulle lord, which made come from the foreign inhabitants (Piedmontese, Savoyard…) who made stock. - During wars of religion, in April 1590, the particularly fatal Holy-Tulle battle " with the passage of the Durance, a little below the village " who made more than 500 victims. - In 1609, the collecting of the sources of Combe Loubière - currently district of Prévérend - whose water will be led in the village by a drain of 2 km to the More-high fountain (Ronde fountain). - In 1670, the deviation by the village of royal Main road " coming from the towns of Marseilles and Aix to go in the provinces of Dauphine and elsewhere " thanks to a bridge with two stone arches of size of Basket on the torrent of Chaffère like, the following year, the construction - with the expenses of the community - of new a Large home (hotel with restaurant) on behalf of the lord. - the great epidemic of plague of 1720 which, left Marseilles, was propagated a little everywhere in Provence and carried in a few weeks with Holy-Tulle 426 people on a population of 810 inhabitants. - destruction of the bridge with two arches over Chaffère by a sudden rising, on August 26th, 1743. - the distribution of the communal grounds in the iscles of the Durance to all the inhabitants in 1792 and sets fire to it castle seigneurial on Sunday, September 3 of the same year. - the insurrection Tullésaine in December 1851 against the coup d'etat of Napoleon III. 44 people had passed in judgment and 17 of them condemned to the deportation in Algeria. - One will notice at the 19th century the preeminent role of Holy-Tulle in the field of the has sériciculture' (breeding of the worms with silk) with the realization of an experimental magnanery and the control of scientific research on the diseases of the worms with silk (Eugene Robert). - The construction of the electric factories (a thermics then two hydraulics) in 1919,1921 then 1979, the opening of the School of trades (EDF) in 1958 as well as the installation of the Common Station of Orders in 1981 is also important dates for the life of this village.

Sources:

Laundrettes of the More-Low fountain , Christian Blanc , Rancure Association, 1998.

Memory of a forest , Christian Blanc , Regional natural park of Luberon, 2 volumes, 2005.

Holy-Tulle, a village during the Revolution , Christian Blanc, Marc Donato, Jean Vivoli , Published by association Tétéa the Durance Luberon, 1989.

Repopulation and immigration with Holy-Tulle during second half of XVe century (1447 - 1480) by Andree Courtemanche , Quebec, December 1992.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

the old laundrette under one of the places of the center of the village
Another laundrette in the small streets top of the village
the Municipal Park max Trouche, place of relaxation and walk
the fountain covered with foam behind the tennis courts (some photographs)
the bowling pitch, famous to the USA (http://www.petanque.org/postcards/card/866.html)

Personalities related to the commune

See too

Common of Alp-of-High-Provence

External bonds

Holy-Tulle on the site of the national geographical Institute
Holy-Tulle on the site of INSEE
Holy-Tulle on the site of Quid
Localization of Holy-Tulle on a chart of France and communes bordering Holy-Tulle
Plane on Mapquest
Official site of Holy Tulle
Social center of Holy Tulle
Public library of Holy Tulle
association TETEA of the Durance-Luberon
association of Hiking FF '' R '' P
Some Tulle photographs Holy

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