Holy-Cross-with-Mines

Geography

Holy-Cross-with-mines is in the middle of the Money Valley between the villages of Lièpvre and Holy-Marie-with-Mines. The village is surrounded by small valleys and hills. While coming from Lièpvre, on Right Bank of the Liepvrette which passes by the village finds the hamlets of Large Rombach, Small Rombach and Stimbach. On left bank there are the hamlets of Timbach, Sobache and Saint-Blaise who is located at the western exit in direction of Holy-Marie-with-Mines. With Holy-Cross-with-Mines the Liepvrette is enlarged by the brooks coming from Saint-Blaise, Small and Large Rombach and Timbach.

Variations and localities : Wood-Roay, Low (it), Baligoutte, Berbuche, Limits, Bougival, Bouille (it), Charain, Champgoutte, Châmont (it), Thatch-of-Read (la), Oak-Known, Casino (with), Danigoutte, Faite, Goutte of Apples, Large-Sterpois, Grâmont, the Markets, Hennon, High-Pre, Eauvattes, Echéry, Towards, Froidegoutte, Barn-of-Nails, Goutte Martin, Goutte Saint-Blaise, Goutte of the Prince, Goutte of the Apples, Grand Rombach, Hollé, Herrschafafft, Harengoutte, Hury, Jaboumont, Lançoir, Faine, Lamont, Place-Pierre, Timbach, Ugly-Low, Marigoutte, Marchal, Montplaisir, Pré of the Baron, Pré Gréville, Pre of the Moon, Pre-the-Fox, Pre Vareth, Pourasse (it), Surpense, Steinbach, Navégoutte, Pierre-of-Read, Pré Maigrat, Petit Banbois, Small-markets (with), Petit Rombach, Pré George, Raleine (it), Rougigoutte, Saint-Michel, Holy-Bores, Sobache, Trajembach, Trachembach, True-Coast, Stimbach,

Origin of the name of the village

The name of the village is mentioned in a document of the year 1358 where Holy-Cross-with-Mines appears under the denomination of Zu Sant Crutz or Cruce or Health Crützte . The place then forms part of the Duché of Lorraine. In another document of 1445 Holy-Cross-with-Mines is mentioned under its German name Sant Crutz im Leberthal and for the periods of occupation, in 1871 - 1918 and 1940 - 1944 Sant-Kruz . The hamlet of Saint-Blaise is mentioned in a document of 1078 which is with the files of Meurthe-et-Moselle. On this document one can read that the duke of Lorraine Thierry II said them and collections with the priory of Lièpvre which had been monopolized in 1052 by Gerard of Alsace his/her father with seems restores the approval of the bishop of Toul, Brunon, which will become the future Pape Leon IX. In this document the hamlet of Saint-Blaise is mentioned, but not Holy-Cross-with-Mines what lets suppose that the village did not exist yet. On the left part of the Lièpvre also the forest of Hury is, which is called in the old documents Jefurthe and which joined over all the width the mountain of Taennchel. The primitive core of the village of Holy-Cross-with-Mines was to be located well later at Stimbach which then gave rise to the village. At the 18th century Holy-Cross-with-Mines belongs to prévôté of Saint-Dié and becomes French in 1766 with died of the duke Stanislas. During the First World War the locality undergoes many bombardments.

Blazon

History

The denomination of Holy-Cross-with-Mines is allotted wrongly or rightly with the existence of small a Croix hones some which would have been set up by the first inhabitants of this borough. No title however came to support this assumption. The first documentary evidence of the existence of this borough is known for us thanks to a charter of the Duc of Lorraine Thierry, known as the Valiant hereditary second wire of Gerard of Alsace which in the year 1078 restores said them Saint-Blaise to the Prieuré of Lièpvre. The reign of Thierry was very agitated, several lords did not recognize his authority. In 1073 they revolted against him, but were overcome. It rested then on the Église and part of the nobility to sit its authority. But its troubles came to him especially from his/her own Gerard brother who was a character ambitious and coleric. He estimated not to have received a sufficient share of the heritage of his father but the duke refused to compromise with him. He gathered a troop of adventurers and started to devastate the campaigns. To have peace, Thierry gave up with his brother the Comté of Saintois, country fertile which gathered several villages. Gerard settled then with Vaudémont and installed a Forteresse there.

Part of the sector of Timbach, but also of Montplaisir belonged to the Moyen-âge with the dukes of Lorraine between the village of Holy-Cross-with-Mines and Musloch, a hamlet of Lièpvre. One found there in particular a pond. A princess of Vaudémont which had received this field of the dukes of Lorraine gave this property as well as the grounds to the church of Holy-Cross-with-Mines, which sold them later to private individuals.

From time immemorial part of the hamlet of Saint-Blaise belonged to Holy-Cross-with-Mines and other half of Holy-Marie-with-Mines. As for the second part of the name no doubt remains since it comes from many the Mines from money and other metals which were exploited around the village.

For the the Middle Ages the exploitation of the seams of money, and coal got comfortable incomes at the village of Holy-Cross-with-Mines until the 18th century. Starting from 1784 it is the Textile which took the changing with the multiplication of manufactures of Tissage and of Filature of Coton and Laine. In 1864 a railway way which passes by the commune disencloses the valley. 1940: the French soldier will blow up the bridge of small-rombach and am of saint-Blaise. A railway connecting Sélestat and Holy-Marie-with-Mines is carried out. Then in 1937 is inaugurated by Albert Lebrun the tunnel of Holy-Marie-with-Mines connecting the valley with Saint-Dié easily making it possible to go until Nancy without passing by Strasbourg. It is transformed into 1976 by a Road tunnel. But as from the Sixties the crisis of the Textile striking of full whip the valley which sees starting from many households towards other destinations.

The grounds of Echéry belong to the dukes of Alsace initially

Towards 640 - 740 the Val of Lièpvre forms partially part of the duchy of Alsace. The successive dukes are then: Gondoin, Boniface, Etichon-Adalric of Alsace, Adalbert of Alsace, Luitfrid Ier of Alsace. They support the expansion of Christianity by creating abbeys (Wissembourg, Marmoutier, Munster, Hohenbourg (Sainte Odile). But the Etichonides return in disgrace under the reign of Pépin the Brief which confiscates all the goods to them. The Alsace is then divided into two counties: the Nordgau and the Sundgau. The feudal system develops. Luitfrid Ier of Alsace, duke of Alsace, which lived towards 710 - 750, has grounds in the valley of Holy-Cross-with-Mines, with the Petit Rombach , which then pass to his/her son Luitfrid II. This last transmits the grounds of Echéry to its two sons, Hugues III or Hugo, and Leuthard. Hugues III who goes down from Haicho, family of the Etichonides whose founder of this branch is Etichon-Adalric of Alsace (deceased in 690) has three girls and a boy: Ermengarde which marries Lothaire Ier, Adélaïde which marries Welf Conrad I, then Robert the Fort. Berthe, the girl of Hugues III and niece of Leuthard marries Girard II of the family of the Girardides which is relieved in 827 by Charles-the-Bald person. His/her Leuthard brother and he even give these grounds to Ermengarde (800 - 851) which is the proper girl of Hugues III count de Tours and duke of High the Alsace which will be gratifié later nickname of " Peureux" (765 - 837). It will install in Small Rombach a small sanctuary. Hugues will take the party of Lothaire against his two other brothers Louis and Charles. He is also associated with Wala a former adviser of Charlemagne and Lothaire Ier. Ermengarde Marie on October 15th 821 with Thionville (the Moselle) with Lothaire Ier (795 - 855) wire of Louis the Piles, Co-Emperor of 817 - 840, then king of Italy in 821 - 855, Emperor of Occident of 840 - 855, king of Lotharingie of 843 - 855. It is crowned by the pope Pascal Ier on April 5th 823 the Easter Day. Louis Débonnaire, wire of Charlemagne, gives to his/her son Lothaire Ier the villa Herinstein (Erstein). The shortly after its marriage with Irmengarde in 821 this one made gift of the villa to his wife. alive Ermengarde in Alsace founds the Abbaye of Erstein on March 20th 856. In 837, it grants then its grounds located at Echéry at the Abbaye of Gorze which will be occupied thereafter by hermits. The place takes then the name of Belmont ( Bellus Mons ) which wants to say beautiful mountain. Lothaire Ier dies on September 29th 855 with Prüm, Prussia and it is his/her son Lothaire II (835 - 869) which takes the succession.

According to the monk Richer de Senones who lived at the 13th century and which particularly seems to know the Valley of Lièpvre and the Alsace and the practices of those which they call the “Teutons” is returned on several occasions to Lièpvre and the Abbaye of Saint-Denis in 1223. It also often went to the Château of Agalmatolite, the Bernstein and Echéry. He as well knows the Abbaye of Gorze, Toul and Saint-Dié. According to Richer de Senones, the Primicier of Metz, Blidulphe founded a small monastery with Echéry. The historian of Moyenmoutier, Jean de Bayon (which lived at the 14th century) gives the date of 938 like the starting point of this monastery. According to Schoepflin, it is the exploitation of the money mines discovered by the first hermits who justified the arrival of the monks of Gorze for this valley. These mines started to be exploited in the valley during the year 963 when monks of the Abbaye of Gorze settled in Echéry. The introduction of the mines of the Val of Lièpvre according to certain authors would have started under hegemony Romain E. The evidence is however lacking. The mines of Sainte Marie-with-Mines indeed provided a money interfered Antimoine which one recognized in the currencies of the close people, Leuques (in Lorraine western slope of the the Vosges), and Séquanes (High Alsace, Franche County).

The foundation of the priory of Echery

The locality of Echéry is located at approximately two kilometers inside the small valley of Small-Rombach which belongs to Holy-Cross-with-Mines. It is at this place or near this place that was created at the 10th century a priory about the Benedictines rested by a monk of the Abbaye of Gorze, probably towards 938. There exists another Echéry which is with Holy-Marie-with-Mines located at the junction of the valleys of Small Lièpvre and Rauenthal. It was also named Saint-Guillaume and later Saint-Blaise. Echéry and Saint-Blaise are today appendices of the town of Holy-Marie-with-Mines. To distinguish the two villages which bear the same name, they were sometimes baptized Alt-Eckerich for Echéry of Small Rombach and Gross Eckerich for the borough of Holy-Marie-with-Mines. The chronicle of Richer monk of Senones (1265) teaches us that a monk named Blidulphe founded the monastery of Belmont into 938. It was the old name of Echéry before the noble ones of Eckerich do not settle there and the name gives them. The name of Alt-Eckerich (it old Echéry) disappeared at the 16th century. Certain chroniclers of last century claim that the priory of Echéry was near the hamlet of Saint-Blaise or with Saint-Pierre-on-the Haste, therefore on the commune of Holy-Marie-with-Mines. However the sector of Saint-Pierre-on-the Haste and Saint-Blaise do not correspond to the description of the chronicle of the Richer monk who lived at the 13th century and which knew very well the Val of Lièpvre to have remained there on several occasions while in particular returning visit with the monks of the priory of Lièpvre and perhaps also to those of Belmont.

Several versions circulate in connection with the monastery of Belmont or Echéry. The monks Richer and Jean de Bayon affirm that the founder of the monastery of Belmont was certain Blidulphe (also called in certain Oridulphe documents) monk of the abbey of Gorze which was accompanied by another monk named Gundelach of the famous abbey of Fulda (Hesse) in Germany. Two other sources give the same version: the Vita Johannis Gorziensis of Mabillon and the Liber of Sancti Hidulfi successeribus . Blidulphe undoubtedly set at Belmont around 938. This monk is not at all an unknown since one finds his name in various document concerning with the abbey of Gorze (the Moselle) where it had remained. He will be named besides archdeacon and primicier of the cathedral of Metz. Primicier because it was registered the first on the table or coated shelf of wax containing the names of the cantors in the church of Metz which had course of the time of Saint Chrodegang, founder of the Abbaye of Gorze. This title was recognized like the third character after the bishop. It is told that at the time of its stay in Metz, Blidulphe reached of a serious disease cures in a mysterious way. He then begged the Abbé Einold prior of the Abbaye of Gorze between 933 - 968 to give him the monastic dress on his bed of patient. Shortly after he asked to be transported in Gorze without awaiting his complete remission. Consequently he lived in Gorze and devoted himself entirely to his priesthood and behaved in a so exemplary way becoming an example for the other monks. He will contribute to renovate and increase the abbey of Gorze. In 940 it went with Gundelach (or Gundeloch) to Saint Maximin of Trier on the order of Einold then directed by Ogon which will become in 945 bishop of Liege. After the death of Ogon in 947, Blidulphe and Gundelach turned over to Gorze, then in Belmont (Echéry) a few years later, probably again towards 963 or 967. Jules Degermann believes it that Belmont was at the bottom of the small valley of Small Rombach. It is in this small valley that one finds the name of Belmont transformed at the 16th century into Jabelmont, then in its current form in Jaboumont which indicates a locality of the commune of Holy-Cross-with-Mines. According to the legend, the small oratory installed by Irmengarde rose in the middle of this mountain covered with forests close to a road connecting the Alsace to the Lorraine built time to Pépin the Brief, probably in 750. Lothaire Ier yielded later to his wife the protectorate of the Abbaye of Brixen. According to the Richer monk, Blidulphe was fixed on the reverse height of Belmont which faces midday, it built initially an oratory and nine furnace bridges. Always according to this same chronicler, Blidulphe renonça with his load and was withdrawn in the the Vosges. Blidulphe would have lived ten years and would have been buries in the church of the priory which it had founded. It is his/her faithful companion, the Gundelach monk which will succeed to him still lived a few years and will be buried beside the tomb of Blidulphe inside the priory of Belmont. Little time before its death of the disciples of the abbey of Gorze joined it of which Guillaume and Achéric. They are these two monks who controlled then the priory one after the other. Guillaume after his death was regarded as a saint. Later its bones were gathered in a reliquary decorated with gold and money and placed inside even of the church. Later the Hesson priest who lived to whereas the priory of Echéry was undoubtedly already attached to the abbey of Moyenmoutier made cover the mounting with money and gold blades in which the body of Guillaume rested. Hermann the successor of Hesson made exhume the body of Guillaume to place it in the church. The martyrologist of Moyenmoutier mentions that its death goes back to one November 3rd. Later fall it from Guillaume will be the subject of a true worship. The chroniclers of the time affirm that the population went in the church in the hope to obtain miracles. According to the tradition the miracles multiplied and the church was a place of pilgrimage remained famous during several centuries. The chronicle of Dominican of Colmar published in 1278 written by a monk, affirms that Guillaume and Achéric belonged to the same phratry. Achéric which took the changing of the priory of Belmont will give its name to the convent and will be called the Mount of Latin Eschery Achericum . Erchambert which was the guard of concealed of Echéry opened hunting containing the relics of Saint Guillaume with an aim of giving some fragments for the monks of them. According to the legend, its hand strongly adhered to the mounting, so much so that it had much evil to withdraw it. During a certain time, known as the chronicle of the time, one could not contain the lid. Dom Calmet makes of Erchambert, a former monk and sexton of Moyenmoutier. This same Erchambert was called thereafter with the direction of the monastery of the Val of Galileo (Saint-Dié))). Adalbert monk of Gorze, then prior of the abbey of Moyenmoutier of 955 with 985 had received from the duke Frederic the station of the monastery of Saint-Dié become vacant. Not being able to control the two abbeys, it called upon Erchambert at the station of Saint-Dié. It made such a dispersion of the goods of the monastery, which it deprived the monks of the most elementary things to the life. It attracted itself the anger of the duke. Erchambert believed to alleviate it by gifts. It sold the sacred vessels, the silver crosses, clothing of silk and the embroideries out of gold and offered the price of them to Frederic. But the duke even more offended by these present, drove out this bad abbot and the monks and replaced them by canons. In 1051, the pope Leon IX attached the priory of Echéry to that of Saint-Dié. Gerard of Alsace, first hereditary duke of the Lorraine , frees the abbey from Saint-Dié in the year 1055 of the supervision of the bishops of Toul and is proclaimed dedicated this abbey. It makes pay this protection dearly. Thus the chapter gradually loses its rights to preserve only one simply moral and spiritual authority. But on December 12th 1140 the Innocent Pope II, recalls that the possessions of Echéry are classified in the Ordre of saint Benoît depend on the abbey of Moyenmoutier. The emperor Henri V towards 1157 confirms the goods that Moyenmoutier has in Alsace, of which Echéry and Bergheim. The judges delegated near the Saint Seat approve in 1279 this decision and name Arnold of Moyenmoutier vice-chancellor of the priory of Echéry. The goods of the Monastère of Echéry lost little by little thereafter alienations or spoliations. The Monastère of Moyenmoutier was seen dispossessing completely of the convent of Echéry and its goods to the profit of the noble ones of Echéry. The convent of Echéry preserved however the right of patronage until the change of religion which brought Protestantism in the area. Later a litigation opposed the judges of the Saint Seat and the noble ones of Eckerich. who had named with the parochial cure of Echéry the Archidiacre Frederic successor of Berthold. It was finally the Arnold abbot of Moyenmoutier which will aspire to the station. In 1497 the abbey of Moyenmoutier still touched an annual rent of Echery which rose with fifteen grounds (currency of Strasbourg) until half of the 16th century.

Another church named Saint-Guillaume ( Alt-Eckeric or Sanct Wilhelm ) located at one mile of Echéry forms today the village of Saint-Blaise who seems to exist since the 11th century and who belonged to Holy-Marie-Alsace. This dependence is known in the files since 1507 whose Fertru (Fertrupt) formed part of it. This church was placed under the patronage of Saint Guillaume, which was as it is known, one of the priors of the convent of Echéry. It belonged to noble of Echéry. Henri Waffler, Schultheiss of Sélestat and Jean wire of the rider Hermann, both knights of Eckerich, granted in 1317 the cure of Guillaume Saint to the Abbaye of Baumgarten located at Honcourt, close to Andlau, as said them who went with. Henri Waffler was in 1314 also ordering castle of Bilstein in the name of the archdukes of Autrice. Towards 1316 Ferry IV, duke of Lorraine granted to him in stronghold all that it had in the Val of Lièpvre.
In 1333, Susanne, girl of Henri Waffler, knight of Echery, woman in first weddings of Wernher Gutmann of Hattstatt, convinced that said them Chapelle of Sainte-Marie were to belong to the Prieuré of Lièpvre, restores in Odon of Saint-Denis and with the prior of Lièpvre the Dîmes vault which his/her father had seized since strong a long time. In 1581, the church of Saint-Blaise, and all these goods which depended on it were given to the community Lutheran by the count Eberhard of Ribeaupierre which had embraced the reform.

The castle of Echéry

The castle of Zuckmantel

The castle of Zuckmantel (also called Zugmantel) is less known than the castle of Echéry. Richer de Senones affirms that the castle of Zuckmantel would have been built at the 13th century by the descendants of the first lords of Echéry. It rose at the entry of the small valley of Large Rombach, and became a stronghold of the dukes of Lorraine until the extinction of noble of Echéry in 1381. We do not know exactly from which the name comes from Zuckmantel. This castle played a big role at the time of the invasion of the Armagnacs. In 1445, the army of the Dolphin returned to France, ghost of the forwarding sent by Charles VII to purge the country of these bands of adventurers; on the insurance of the marquis de Bade who ensured to him that it would be in safety, Philippe de Jalognes, Marshal of France stored with the castle of Holy-Cross all artillery of the dolphin. After the defeat of the Armagnacs on March 18th 1445 the inhabitants of the valleys of Lièpvre and City, enhardis by their successes close to Musloch, seized artillery of king de France, not without largely to have feasted with said castle. A letter of king de France dated April 4th 1445 addressed to the marquis of Bade, then holder of this part of the Lorraine , complained about this setting with bag and claims a punishment of the culprits and the restitution of his artillery of which it enumerates the list.

The denomination of the name of Zuckmantel appears in the files in 1473 where one mentions different who opposes Jean Martin, a châstelain from Zuckmantel and Jean Dohan, mayor of the Lords of Hattstatt in the name of the village and of the community of the Priory of Lièpvre represented by Antoine Rapp prior about the grosses and small said place. Towards 1547, Christine of Denmark duchess of Lorraine provides Jacques Reynette, captain of Spitzenberg responsible for the castle of Zuckmantel.

The files of Meurthe-et-Moselle contain for this time of many parts in which Jacques de Reynette returns count of his management to the Val of Lièpvre: expenditure for repair of the castle of Zuckmantel, messages sent to the court of Lorraine, costs of proceedings educated against marked women of sorcery, fines, royalties of the mills of the valley, products of the mines, etc In a document of 1562 we find a curious mention of a sum paid to the Master of the company of the arquebusiers of Holy-Marie-with-Mines, for 12 pairs of fit that the Duc of Lorraine grants each year to them “to draw and make pastime and so that the company is ready to make him service”.

In 1567 the castle is in very bad condition. The Captain of Spitzemberg, officer and Henri Gemel, chastelain of Zuckmantel make estimate by experts repairs which it is advisable to make: their estimate was estimated at the time with 362 francs, 2 large, currency of Lorraine. In 1578 the accounts of Jacques de Reynette provides some information on this castle: it is a statement of the " droictures belonging to the châtellenie of Zuckmantel" who enumerates the mills with flour and fullers of Lièpvre " , Holy-Cross-with-Mines and Holy-Marie-with-Mines, with the revenues in grains or had in cash by their holders, which revenues paretageaient themselves per half between the lords of the manor of Zuckmantel and those of Echéry, side of the Hattstatt. Later in 1590, Jacques de Reynette, captain of Spiztenberg, superintendent of the mines of the Valley of Lièpvre, side Lorraine requires of the Duc of Lorraine to make build prisons for the minors, and the year according to he complains not to have not a suitable home " waited until its highness granted her house of Zuckmantel to the sior of Saint-Ballemont. Towards 1597 it is Jean Jacques Reynette, the son of Jacques Reynette and Surintendant of the Val of Lièpvre which is addressed to the Duc of Lorraine, Charles. It states that since seven to eight years that it lives the castle of Zuckmantel for fulfills its mission it forever importuned the duke although it considers extremely the castle ruined. He begs the duke - in consideration of the services rendered by its ancestors - of him acccorder the châtellenie of Zuckmantel with all his incomes. In exchange he would see himself well giving up with the Duc of Lorraine the seigniory of Spitzenberg with his incomes. Jacques de Reynette is deceased in 1609 according to the reports of Pierre, then of Nicolas Fournier. The dynasty of Reynette is not extinct for as much: in 1619 Gabriel de Reynette, large provost and canon of the badge church of Saint-Dié declares that its small nephew, Jacques de Reynette, are the direct heir to the castle of Zuckmantel. It full with the refusal of the inhabitants of the Valley of Lièpvre to provide the drudgeries necessary to the “re-establishments and repairs of the buildings of the castle of Zuckmantel and the mill which depends” and obtains on it a new regulation to which are subjected the inhabitants of Holy-Cross-with-Mines, Lièpvre and Rombach-the-Franc which will have to clean the ditches and to bring materials necessary to its maintenance, to which it will be given “bread and wine reasonably”. Two after, in 1621 the stronghold of Zuckmantel is engaged by Henri of Lorraine in Sieur of Bordes, captain of Sierques following the death of Jean Jacques de Reynette, died in Bohemia with the service of the emperor. This transfer intervenes following a payment of a sum of 12.000 francs poured by the sior of Bordes to the Duc of Lorraine to provide for the disorders to the border. The duke of Lorraine commits himself transferring this sum in the event of change of owner. While waiting for the purchaser will have to build with his expenses a prison intended to replace the jail of the castle. In 1625 André of Border disappears. Its widow and her children obtain the pleasure of the castle whose Pierre Fournier enumerates in 1634 the list of the goods being part of the castle of Zuckmantel by adding the nomenclature of the meadows to it and of the grounds which have in are attached. This act is the last concerning the manor house. It does not seem to be destroyed by the Swedes but by order of Louis XIII in 1636 to ensure the unrestricted passage of its troops of France in Alsace. In 1761 Schoepflin writes that on this date one sees with Holy-Cross-with-Mines the remainders of a largely destroyed castle. In 1774 the remainders of the castle are yielded by Pierre Fournier to Nicolas Aubry, regent of school with Holy-Cross-with-Mines with load for him to pay a yearly rental fixed at a Rézal of wheat. This contract was ratified the 19 vendémiaire year XI by the Council of Prefecture of the Haut-Rhin which ended in 1839, the sior Jean Baptiste Aubry having been authorized on this date to repurchase the yearly rental. One saw in 1815 more the ruin of the castle of Zuckmantel. The stones were used for then to build the houses of the neighborhoods.

Random links: