Hocine Has Ahmed (in Arabic: حسينآيتأحمد ) is a Politician Algérie N born the August 20th 1926 with Ain El Hammam in Algérie.
Doctor in right, it is one of the main leaders of the face of national release (FLN). Ahmed has resigns of the Provisional government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) and of all the organizations of the new capacity at the time of the crisis of the summer 1962. In September 1963, it founds the Front of the Socialist forces (FFS) which claims political pluralism vis-a-vis the locking of the political life imposed by the system of the Sole party.
Decree and condemned to died in 1964, it escapes from the prison of El Harrach in May 1966. Exiled in Swiss, it returns to Algeria after the riots of 1988 but again leaves its country after the assassination of the president, then in exercise, Mohamed Boudiaf in 1992. It will return on several occasions to Algeria, in particular at the time of the 50e birthday of the release of the war of liberation (November 1st, 1954).
Biography
First political commitment and beginning of the armed struggle
To 16 years, still high-school pupil, it adheres to the Parti of the Algerian people (PPP). He becomes, quickly, the youngest member of the Central committee to which he presents, in 1948, a decisive report/ratio on the forms and strategy of the armed struggle for independence.
At the time of the clandestine congress of the PPP held with Belcourt in 1947, it had already recommended the creation of a special Organization (OS) in charge of the military management training and installation of a clandestine device to initiate and develop the armed struggle.
Indicated by the Central committee of the PPP at the Political office, he sees himself entrusted the direction of OS, to replace Mohamed Belouizad, reached tuberculosis. During two years, it set up - with the national scales - the structures for political training and soldier to conclude the war of liberation. It is in this context that it organizes the holdup of the post office of Oran, which allowed, in March 1949, to seize an important amount of money, without bloodshed.
The wing “legalist” of the leading authorities of the PPP - MTLD (Movement for the Triumph of the Democratic liberties), excludes for “berberism” Has Ahmed and carries Ahmed Ben Bella to the head of the OS, of which he was the person in charge in Oranie.
The discovery of OS by the French intelligence services precipitates the dissolution of OS.
Diplomatic round for an international recognition
May 1st, 1952 Has Ahmed settles in Cairo in Egypt. Sought by the French authorities, it is indicated member of the delegation of the PPA-MTLD, in exile with the Cairo. Ahmed has insists on the importance of the Diplomatie to give a political visibility to the international plan of the “liberation movement”.
It attends the first Conference of the Asian socialist parties, joined together in January 1953 with Rangoon in Burma. One of the first resolutions adopted by this organization of inspiration Marxiste consists in supporting the liberation struggle of the the Maghreb. The Conference sets up a anti-colonial office whose role, in particular, is to follow the anti-colonial fights near the United Nations (UNO).
Ahmed has goes to the Pakistan, in India and Indonesia to create Support groups with the cause of Algerian independence.
In April 1955, it directs the Algerian delegation to the Conférence of Bandung. The resolutions taken by this Conference in favor of the right to self-determination and independence of the three countries of the the Maghreb were prepared by the three nationalist parties (Tunisia, Morocco, Algérie) which knew to carry out an united action on the basis of “Maghrebian” Memorandum.
In April 1956, it opens and directs the office of the delegation of FLN to New York. In September 1956, the Algerian problem is registered with the day order of the General meeting of UNO. What causes the withdrawal resounding of the French delegation, led by the Prime Minister Antoine Pinay.
In October 1956, Has Ahmed is stopped by the authorities Frenchwoman, in company of Mohamed Boudiaf, Mohamed Khider, Ahmed Ben Bella and Mostefa Lacheraf, on the aircraft which led them of Morocco to Tunis where was to be held a Maghrebian Conference of Peace.
Throughout its detention, Ahmed communicates with the leaders of FLN - ALN Has (Armed with National Release) (see the War and the post-war period , editions of Midnight, 1963, Paris). In most important of these communications, Ahmed Has calls some with urgency with the creation of a provisional government in exile. He considers that this initiative can contribute to reabsorb the internal crisis caused by persons in charge who oppose the Congrès of Soummam, (held in August 1956) and prepare an antagonistic congress.
Independence, fights for a democratic State
Member of the National council of the Algerian Revolution (CNRA) and of the Provisional government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA), Hocine Has Ahmed, as of his release, in 1962, takes a firm position against the violence of the Staff of the borders. He warns the notable policies against a process of crisis which is likely to degenerate into Civil war.
He denounces the group of Tlemcen and Tizi-Ouzou groups it. It invites the forces of avant-gardes - women, trade unions, student etc - to make stopping with the self-destroying confrontations. Great popular demonstrations with the cry of “Sabaʿa snin barakat!” (Seven years, that is enough!) had been able to stop these violences temporarily.
Elected official member of the constituent National Assembly (ANC) - on a single list candidates of which he denounces the principle -, he agrees nevertheless to sit there for a double objective. Firstly to endeavor to initiate starting from this institution a political life with public debates by associating the company with it. Secondly to take care that the charged commission to work out the constitution within the ANC finishes its constitution project and subjects it to the free and democratic debates “elected officials” of the nation. It was necessary that the ANC adopts the constitution project within the legal delays in order to subject it to the electorate by way chief clerk.
Creation of the FFS, resistance in the maquis of Kabylie
The FLN refusing democratization, Ferhat Abbas, president of the ridiculed Constituent Assembly, resigns. Several deputies follow his example whose Ahmed Has who founds then, in September 1963, the Front of the Socialist forces (FFS).
The repression of the FLN falls down on the Kabylie and presents the FFS like a separatist movement.
Whereas violences of the army against the civil population continue, of the maquis of resistance organize themselves. The attempts at conciliation of the FFS fail not making it possible to avoid the continuation of the massacres and the installation of the Dictature. Decree in October 1964, Has Ahmed is condemned to death, then pardoned. It is put in prison at Lambèse.
Wanting to draw aside Houari Boumediene, the president Ahmed Ben Bella claims to want to open at the company and to enter a negotiation process with FFS. Following negotiations carried out abroad, FLN (Sole party) and FFS manage an agreement, which will be made public by the national press on June 16th 1965.
Three days later (on June 19th 1965), the coup d'etat, perpetrated by Houari Boumediene puts an end to the hopes to see pluralism and the democracy to found in Algeria.
The Exile, fights for the human rights
May 1st 1966, Has Ahmed escapes from the prison of El Harrach, and takes refuge in Suisse. It does not have of cease to militate for the promotion and the defense of the human rights and for the unit of the Maghreb.
It obtains its license in right to Lausanne in Suisse. Then, it supports a thesis of doctorate, with Nancy, in 1975, on “the human rights in the Charter and the practice of OAU”.
At the time of the “Berber Spring” (1980), it plays with FFS a moderating part of political of the militants in order to prevent the irruption of violence and to enter the claims linguistics and cultural framing in the requirement of political pluralism at the national level.
December 16th 1985, it launches with Ahmed Ben Bella a call to the Algerian people for the introduction of the democracy and the respect of the human rights is launched since London. The two old ones of the FLN make restitution with the Algerian people of its right to self-determination the angular stone of a “democratic Alternative”.
The bloody events of October 1988 and its international repercussions push the Algerian dictatorship has a pretense of opening.
Return in Algeria and recognition of the FFS
Ahmed returns to Algeria in November 1989 has. After several adventures, the FFS is finally recognized.
At the time of the cancellation of the first turn of the legislative elections of 1991, Hocine Have-Ahmed warns against the danger to see the weapons taking the step on the ballot boxes. Its party organizes, on January 2nd 1992, the greatest demonstration which the capital knew since independence, with for creed “Neither police State, nor integrist Republic”.
In June 1992, one week before the assassination of Mohamed Boudiaf, Has Ahmed proposes a National conference intended to promote a way out of crisis on the South-African model. After the assassination of Boudiaf, the climate of terror and the total locking of the public life worsening, Have Ahmed prefers to be exiled to continue to carry out its combat.
In 1995, Has Ahmed signs with Rome, with the representatives of six other formations and of the political personalities, a platform for the exit of the crisis and the return to peace.
Signatories of the " national contract of Rome" get along on a political contract made up of a whole of engagements of which most important are alternation with the capacity, freedom of worship, the primacy of the legitimate law on any other law resulting from not legitimately elected assemblies, the equality of the citizens without reference to any kind, the accession with the capacity by peaceful means, the rejection of violence to be maintained with the capacity or to reach that point.
After “black decade”, for a new republic
February 2nd 1999, it is again in Algeria. Its candidature for the presidential election is announced three days later.After an electoral campaign carried out through all the country, it decides, with Six other candidates, to withdraw election. They denounce the fraud which, according to them, already started. Abdelaziz Bouteflika is elected with a strong majority.
Victim of an infarction, Has Ahmed is transferred in Suisse to the hospital from Lausanne to be operated there. After its convalescence, it took again all its activities within the FFS.
Ahmed has continues her political combat to contribute to leave Algeria the “international omerta” whose are victim the Algerian people. The FFS remains one of most important the political party of opposition.
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