Ho Chi Minh , in Vietnamese Hồ Chí Minh (literally, “that which lights”), of its true name Nguyễn Sinh Cung , born on May 19th, 1890 in the village of Huang Tru bordered of rice plantations to 360 km of Hué and 1442 of Saigon, is a Vietnamese statesman and founder of the Democratic republic of Vietnam. In 1975, its name was given to the first city of Vietnam, in the past Saigon, Ho-Chi-Minh-City.

Biography

Childhood and youth

The father of Ho Chi Minh was Mandarin in the administration of the protectorate of the Annam. According to the communist Vietnamese historians and the French colonial files, it was degraded of its function by the new capacity colonial, it sank gradually in a tinted depression of alcoholism. The forfeiture of his/her father following this colonial injustice, very strongly marked the young person Ho Chi Minh .

It makes initially its studies with Huế, at the school “Quoc Hoc” (literally “Vietnamese national school”) rested by the father of Ngô Dinh Diêm.

Its life in Occident

It continues its studies in London between 1914 and 1919 then in France in 1921. It develops photographs to provide for its needs.

Of nationalist family line like Phan Châu Trinh and Phan Boi Chau, it is disappointed by the Traité of Versailles (1919) which does not apply the right of the people to have themselves with the colonies.

Its adhesion with Communism

It is initiated in France with Communism by the director of Humanity, Marcel Cachin.

With the Congress of Turns of December 25th 1920, it becomes one of the founding fathers of the French Communist party by its intervention on the colonies, Nguyen Have Quoc - future Ho Chi Minh - fact of appearing a classified in 1923 in the newspaper “communist Brittany” for artistic work which constituted its livelihood.

To May 1923, two Communist militants of foreground in France are invited to Moscow by Dmitri Manouilsky: Nguyen Have Quoc and Jean Cremet. It follows the formation of the Komintern and will create networks in Vietnam thanks to the Chinese PC. It accomplishes thereafter several voyages in Soviet Russia in April 1927, following the coup d'etat anticommunist of Tchang Kaï-chek with Shanghai, and in 1936 - 1937.

In 1930, with the assistance of Mao, it founds the Indochinese Communist party (PCI) to include the Kampuchea and the Laos then in 1941 the League for the Independence of the Vietnam (Vietnam Doc. Lap Dong Minh Hoi or its contraction in Viêt Minh) who fights at the same time the Japanese occupants and the French colonizers. In 1941, it returns to the Vietnam to fight against the Japanese occupation. In 1942, it takes the Ho name Chí Minh. The same year, it is stopped by Chinese nationalists and spends one year in prison to China.

Independence

Released, Ho Chi Minh continues her fight with the Révolution of August.

In 1945, it proclaims the Democratic republic of Vietnam to Hanoï and the independence of the country on September 2nd on the Place Ba Dinh. Election of a constituent Assembly on January 6th, 1946.

War of Indo-China

After the failure of the negotiations with Jean Sainteny, it carries out the Vietnamese soldier-minh until the victory against the French: May 7th 1954. With the Battle of Diên Biên Phu during the War of Indo-China, the Minh Vietnamese soldier obtains the rendering of the French fortified camp.

Partition of Vietnam

The following day the negotiations start on Indo-China with the Conference of Geneva with the Foreign Minister of the Vietnam Pham Van Dong who will end on the establishment of Accords of Geneva. Vietnam is divided temporarily into two zones of military regrouping along the 17 {{E}} parallel:

War of Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh continues the fight for the reunification of the country vis-a-vis Ngô Dinh Diêm which directs the République of Vietnam of the South, following a coup d'etat which forced the Emperor Bao Dai to abdicate with the support of the Americans.

As of 1960, Ho Chi Minh and they his support the creation of the National front for the release of Vietnam - FNL - soon called Viêt Công by the Americans and the South-Vietnameses. The FNL is supplied as men, weapons and material by the Democratic republic of the Vietnam of North during the Guerre of Vietnam.

Its death

Ho Chi Minh dies on September 2nd 1969 whereas the conflict always makes rage in Vietnam. Its death is officially announced like having taken place on September 3rd not to tarnish the national festival of the independence of September 2nd.

Ho Chi Minh wanted that its ashes are widespread above the country, of north in the south, and did not make a point absolutely of being embaumé like Lénine. However, its heirs will decide embaumer while waiting for the reunification in order not to injure the South-Vietnameses during the dispersion of ashes. This not having never been made, its mummy always rests with the Mausolée of Hanoï on the Place Ba Dinh.

Propaganda

Of alive sound, Ho Chi Minh used a propaganda “with Soviet” based on her image. His/her communist comrades will use his corpse momifié in order to reinforce the interests and their legitimacy with the capacity.

Guardian figure of Vietnamese, known patriotism under the “affectionate” name of Uncle Ho - Bác Hồ , its name will be used after the reunification to rename the capital of the South Vietnam. Thus, Saigon becomes Ho Chi Minh Ville - Thanh Pho Ho Chi Minh - according to a decision of 1975 of the first government of the Young Democratic republic of Vietnam.

Works

  • In June 1919, it publishes a proclamation on the “Claims of the people annamite”.

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