History of the figure skating

Cet article is a complement of Figure skating

-20.000: The first iceskates consist of bones of ox (boss taurus) thinned, polished, bored of two holes to allow fixing and which were used as means of transport. Their length was of approximately 60 centimetres.

XIIIe century: Wood replaces the bones.

About 1600: first metal shoes.

XVIIe century: Speed races in Holland.

1742: The first club of ice-skating (speed) appears with Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh Skating Club.

1772: First school of ice-skating in England. First Work being entitled “Art of the ice” published in London by Robert Jones, a lieutenant of artillery. The single known specimen of this work is with the Mitchell library in Glasgow, Scotland.

1776: Ice-skating is put at the mode at the court by Marie-Antoinette.

January 5th, 1791: Napoleon Bonaparte escapes dead while patinating with his/her comrades in the ditches from the Military academy from Auxerre, France.

1813: Publication with Paris of the work of Jean Garcin: “The true skater or principles on art of patinating with grace”, which poses the first bases of ice-skating known as “artistic”.

1840: The first London club is created. 170 members composes it including 20 women.

1842: First artificial track built by English Henry Kirk.

1849: The first American club is created: the Skating Club of Philadelphia.

1850: Buschnell invents the blades of steel shoe (without wood, nor thin straps), making it possible ice-skating to become a true entertainment and sport, as testifies some Dutch painting. This pair of shoes cost 30.00$ then and comprised 3 types of fasteners: the English trimming, the Russian couthurne and Swedish supports.

1858: First track of outdoor maintained by a personnel remunerated by Central Park in New York.

1860: The New York Skating Club is created.

1861: the first carnival on ice takes place with Brooklin.

1865: First pair of shoes by the company ACME.

1868: Creation of the first skating rink in Canada.

1870: The hollow of blade is invented.

1875: Died of Jackon Hatreds.

January 1876: The first artificial skating rink is inaugurated with London: Glaciarium de Chelsea, located in the district Kings Road.

1879: The first edition of the championships of Great Britain of figure skating is held the December 8th.

1882: At the time of the first competition of figure skating to Vienna in Austria, the Norwegian skater Axel Paulsen invents the figure of the “Axel”. In spite of this innovation, it is the Austrian Leopold Frey who is crowned.

1888: Louis Rubenstein sets up the Canadian Association of Ice-skating Amateur.

1891: First edition of the championships of Europe of figure skating and speed skating to Hamburg for the men only. The German Oskar Ulhig gains the test of figure skating.

1892: Foundation of the RESULTING (International Skating Union), also called Union or international federation of ice-skating (UIP) in July. Following the invitation of the Netherlands, 15 delegated European countries meet in Scheveningen to lay down the rules of the sport. Paris will wait until this date before obtaining an artificial skating rink: the “north pole”.

1894: The Canada joint rows of the RESULTING one.

1894: The first artificial skating rink is born, Rond-Point of the Fields-Élysées in Paris.

9 February 10th 1896: First edition of the championships of the world of figure skating in Saint-Petersbourg. The German Gilbert Fuchs asserts himself in the single test, man into simple.

1897: At the time of the 2nd edition of the championships of the world of figure skating to Stockholm, the Austrian Gustav Hügel asserts in the single individual test man.

1898: Swedish Henning Grenader is crowned world champion, but it is Swedish Ulrich Salchow who remains in the memories. At the time of the fifth championships of Europe of figure skating to Trondheim (Sweden), Salchow removes the title while passing its figure, the “Salchow”. Salchow preserves its title European 1899, while the world title is gained by the Austrian Gustav Hugel.

1902: The British Madge Syers is classified 2nd at the time of the championships of the world reserved to the men. A test for the couples is organized.

1903: The Union of the French federations of Winter sports (UFFSA) manages the winter sports in France.

1904: The first skating rink opens its doors with Melbourne, Australia.

1906: The women enter in competition into individual, with the championnants RESULTING for ladies with Davos in Suisse.

1908: The couples appear in competition at the time of the Olympic beginnings of the figure skating with the Olympic Games of summer of London. The great figure of the ice-skating of the Entre-deux-guerres is precisely a woman, Sonja Henie (three Olympic titles and ten times world champion), which revolutionizes the discipline.

1909: Swedish Ulrich Salchow invents the jump which will bear its name: the Salchow. The architect Engelmann Viennese creates the first artificial track in the open air.

1910: Invention of the Jump of loop by the German Werner Rittberger.

1913: Invention of the Lutz by the Austrian Qualities Lutz.

the Twenties: Invention of the Flip by the American Bruce Maps

1920: First jump Salchow succeeded in competition by a woman Theresa Weld at the time of the Olympic Games.

1924: The ladies can take part in the championships of the world. The first Winter Olympics in Chamonix (France) include the figure skating.

1925: First double Jump of loop by the Austrian Karl Schäfer (in practice).

1925: First double Lutz by Karl Schäfer (in practice).

1928: First Olympic title for Norwegian the Sonja Neighed, which will repeat in 1932 and 1936.

1928: First double Salchow by Gillis Grafström and the Canadian Montgomery Wilson.

1942: The French federation of the Winter sports is officialized.

1942: First double Lutz by Scott Barbara-Anarchist.

1944: First double Lutz by American Richard (Dick) Short prop.

1948: First double Axel by the American Richard (Dick) Short prop, at the time of the Olympic Games.

1950: The first international competition of Dance on ice at the time of the championships of the world of London.

1952: American Dick Button carries out first triple jump of the history (a Saut of loop) at the time of the Olympic Games. The first championships of the world of dance on ice are held in Paris.

1953: First double Axel by Carol Heiss.

1954: First championship of Europe of dance on ice in Bolzano.

1962: Triple Lutz by the Canadian Gift Jackson. at the time of the world championships in Prague. 1962: First female triple jump (Salchow) by Canadian the Petra Burka with the Canadian championships.

October 12th 1969: Death of a legend of the figure skating: Sonja Neighed.

1969: Creation of the competition Nebelhorn Trophy.

1976: Official beginning of the Dance on ice as a Olympic Sport with Innsbruck, Austria. First competition RESULTING international among juniors with Mégève, France. First back-flip in Innsbruck by Terry Kubika.

1978: First triple Axel of the history is carried out by Vern Taylor (Canada). First female triple lutz by the Swiss woman Denise Biellmann. First official championships of the world junior.

1981: The Swiss skater Denise Biellmann gives her name to the “Pirouette Biellmann”.

1988: First quadruple jump (Loop piqué) by the Canadian Kurt Browning at the time of the world championships with Budapest.

1988: First triple female Axel by the Japanese woman Midori Ito at the time of the championships of Japan.

1990: The compulsory figures from now on are withdrawn from international competitions of ice-skating. Last competition with the championships of the world of ice-skating to Halifax.

1995: Commencement of the series of the Grand Prix RESULTING. The competitions Skate Canada, Skate America, trophy NHK, the trophy Eric Bompard and the Cut of the Nations are retained for this series.

1996: First triple combination buckles/triple buckles by the French Eric Millot at the time of the finale Champions Series .

1997: Commencement of the series of the Grand Prix RESULTING Junior. First combination quadruple-triple (piqué bucklebuckles) by the Canadian Elvis Stojko at the time of the finale Champions Series with Hamilton, Canada.

1997: First triple combination buckles/triple buckles by the American one Tared Lipinski at the time of the Nationaux championships of the United States.

1998: First quadruple Salchow succeeded in competition by the American Timothy Goeble, at the time of the finale of the Grand Prix Junior RESULTING.

1999: Creation of the first Championships of the Four Continents for the America, the Asia, the Africa and the Oceania.

2000: First championship of the world of Ice-skating synchronized, Mineapolis, the United States.

2000: First combination triples Lutz/triple buckles by the Russian Irina Slutskaya (first by a woman) at the time of the finale of the Grand Prix of the UIP.

2002: Scandal at the time of the competition in couple at the time of the Olympic Games of Salt Lake City. Two gold medals allotted for the first time of the history of Olympic ice-skating to the couples Salted/Furrier (EDGE) and Berezhnaya/Sikharulidze (RUS). This event precipitated the installation of a new aiming system which was in outline.

2002: Michael Weiss makes a success of the first back flip with a complete gimlet (full-flip or “Tornado”) in professional competition with Hallmark, the United States.

2003: December, first quadruple jump (Salchow) succeeds by a woman, the Japanese woman Miki Ando. Test of the new aiming system COP for the competitions of the Grand Prix RESULTING.

2004: Generalization of the new system of judgment COP for the competitions RESULTING.

2005: First international adult competition of RESULTING with Oberstdorf in Germany.

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