The history of the Démocratie goes back to Antiquity with a réémergence at the XVIIe century until our days.

Origins

Sumer

The city-states sumériennes are regarded as the first forms of democracy. With time they were transformed into monarchies.

Old India

One of the first democratic civilizations was identified in republics of old India, around the Life century before JC. Among these republics () the state of was the first republic.

Democratic systems used in these republics: , and (this last still used in villages in India).

Under Alexandre Large (IVe century before JC) the Greeks wrote that the states of Sabarcae and Sambasrai (currently Pakistan and Afghanistan) had " the shape of government démocratique".

The come to power from an democratic election was reported by the historian Taranath Tibetan.

Old Greece

Athenian Democracy

The Roman republic

Roman Republic

Emergence of the democracy in the modern governments

before the XVIIIe century

The Humanisme of the Renaissance was a cultural movement in Europe, which started in Italy (particularly Florence) in the last decades of XIVe century. The humanistic philosophers sought the principles on which the company could be organized, in opposition to the concentration of the capacity by the Eglise (institution).

Some developments (limited) took place:

introduction of the idea that the holders of the capacity are responsible in front of a electorate. Simon V of Montfort invited the landowners to vote

with the English elections of 1265 (.

Rzeczpospolita (political regime) in Poland and 1505.
Magna Carta in Scotland in 1215.
.
William PEN wrote in 1682.

XVIIIe and XIXe centuries

in 1755: the Corsica République is led by Pascal Paoli with the Corsican Constitution.
in the years 1760 to 1790 American develops and applies the concept of Républicanisme, bases (Guerre of independence of the United States of America).

in 1776 Declaration of the rights of Virginia (based on the English Declaration of the rights ()
in 1789 ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America and its amendments
in the years 1780: development of social movements being identified with the " démocratie". With the the Benelux countries the direction with negative half of " démocratie" (looked at as synonymous with anarchy) was interpreted in a more positive way as opposed to the aristocracy.

The Polish Constitution of May 3rd, 1791 is largely recognized like the older third of the world.

in 1791: the Révolution hawaïenne is the first, and only, revolution of slaves to establish a republic.
1789-1799: the French revolution.
in the years 1790: first system of parties in the United States. At the beginning of the XIXe century appearance of the political parties in Europe.]] and of the Vote.
extension of the political rights to news social classes: suppression, inter alia, of health, the property, the sex, the race like selection criteria to the right to vote. (Vote for all).
in 1850: introduction of the secret Vote () in Australia then in 1890 to the United States.

Contemporary tendencies

The current modern history and conflicts show (still) that the democratic culture was seldom sufficient to involve a transition from the dictatorship towards the democracy, in the absence of a political tradition and of a progressive formation of the institutions.

Steps try a greater implication of the citizens in the policy (Participative democracy):

the Conseil of district makes take part the inhabitants in certain decisions concerning the life of the city: installation of the voieries, garbage collection, sports equipment and cultural.
the participative Budget, invented in Brazil, Porto Alegre: part of municipal finances under the control of the citizens puts. Some common Frenchwomen have " envelopes of quartier".
thanks to Internet many communes have a site on which it is sometimes possible of: to address themselves directly to the engineering services, to take part in forums, to write an online magazine… (a national label Ville Internet can be decreed).
the Jury citizen which gives an advisory opinion on a question of general interest.
the Observatory of engagements which tries to follow the promises (electoral) not held, which accentuate mistrust towards the policies. The observatory counts the commitments entered into and checks, each year, their implementation. Adels (Association for the democracy and the local and social action) counts the experiments of this type.

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