In Occident, the history of education begins with the civilization of the ancient Greece.
Antiquity
See also: Education in Antiquity
The term school is employed about the “philosophical schools” of the Antiquité, more particularly of the ancient Greece. Thus, Milet was the seat of a school of Philosophie where celebrates it Thalès was. The philosopher Parménide formed also part of a school, the Eleatic school, with Élée in the south of the Italy.
Plato founded a school of philosophy, which was called the Académie, then its pupil Aristote founded his own school, which was called the Lycée.
Thus, two of the terms usually employed in the Enseignement in France come from schools of philosophy of the ancient Greece.
See too
the Middle Ages
See also: Education with the Middle Ages
High the Middle Ages
In Occident, the education was introduced with the Moyen-âge by famous the Charlemagne.Charlemagne was advised on this point by Alcuin: the lesson was structured around the seven Liberal arts (Quadrivium and trivium) which had been defined in the 6th century.
Low the Middle Ages
At the 12th century another upheaval in the education occurred: it was the appearance of the Université S in Europe, then the introduction into these universities of the To know S of the Civilization arabo-Moslem woman, which conveyed Greek sciences in addition (Thalès, Euclide, Archimedes, Aristote…) The universities were structured in Collège S (étymologiquement to read together).The universities had four types of faculties:
- Theology (most prestigious)
- Right,
- Medicine,
- Arts (to understand by this term also arts, sciences and technology: liberal arts, mechanical arts).
Modern time
See also: Education at the time modern
With the Renaissance, there was no basically change, if they are not that faculties of Théologie lost of their importance compared to the Droit, with the Médecine, and especially with arts.
At that time, in Paris, the vice-chancellor of the university was often selected in the faculty of arts.
This situation will perdura until the Age of Enlightenment.
Contemporary time
See also: Education in XXIe century
During the French revolution, the France was a particular case in Europe, insofar as one created the system of the Universities on the model of the Polytechnic school, founded in 1794.
During the XIXe century, the majority of the Western countries begin in the Alphabétisation of the population. With the the United States, as of 1832, the State of the New York founds the free and obligatory elementary school. The elimination of illiteracy a little earlier spreads in the countries of Protestant religion , where each one must be able to read the Bible. In France, in 1881, the laws Ferry not institute the obligatory school but the free and obligatory instruction, whether it is in étalissement school or in family. Nowadays, the school is still not obligatory in France, however the instruction is between 6 and 16 years.
See too
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